|
|
|
| |
|
中華人民共和國民用航空法
Civil Aviation Law of the People's Republic of China
第一章 總 則
Chapter IGeneral Provisions
第二章 民用航空器國籍
Chapter II Nationality of Civil Aircraft
第三章 民用航空器權利
chapter III Rights of Civil Aircraft
第一節(jié) 一般規(guī)定
Section 1 Basic Principles
第二節(jié) 民用航空器所有權和抵押權
Section 2 Ownership and Mortgage of Civil Aircraft
第三節(jié) 民用航空器優(yōu)先權
Section 3 Civil Aircraft Liens
第四節(jié) 民用航空器租賃
Section 4 Lease of Civil Aircraft
第四章 民用航空器適航管理
Chapter IV Airworthiness Management of Civil Aircraft
第五章 航空人員
Chapter V Airmen
第一節(jié) 一般規(guī)定
Section 1 Basic Principles
第二節(jié) 機 組
Section 2 Crew
第六章 民用機場
Chapter VI Civil Airport
第七章 空中航行
Chapter VII Air Navigation
第一節(jié) 空域管理
Section 1 Airspace Management
第二節(jié) 飛行管理
Section 2 Flight Management
第三節(jié) 飛行保障
Section 3 Flight Support
第四節(jié) 飛行必備文件
Section 4 Essential document． for Flight
第八章 公共航空運輸企業(yè)
Chapter VIII Public Air Transport Enterprise
第九章 公共航空運輸
Chapter IX Public Air Transport
第一節(jié) 一般規(guī)定
Section 1 Basic Principles
第二節(jié) 運輸憑證
Section 2 Transport document．
第三節(jié) 承運人的責任
Section 3 Liability of the Carrier
第四節(jié) 實際承運人履行航空運輸的特別規(guī)定
Section 4 Special Provisions Governing Air Transport Performed by Actual Carrier
第十章 通用航空
Chapter X General Aviation
第十一章 搜尋援救和事故調查
Chapter XI Search and Rescue and Accident Investigation
第十二章 對地面第三人損害的賠償責任
Chapter XII Liability for Damage to Third Parties on the Surface
第十三章 對外國民用航空器的特別規(guī)定
Chapter XIII Special Provisions Governing Foreign Civil Aircraft
第十四章 涉外關系的法律適用
Chapter XIV Application of Law to Foreign-related Matters
第十五章 法律責任
Chapter XV Legal Liability
第十六章 附 則
Chapter XVI Supplementary Provisions
第一章 總則
Chapter I General Provisions
第一條 為了維護國家的領空主權和民用航空權利，保障民用航空活動安全和有秩序地進行，保護民用航空活動當事人各方的合法權益，促進民用航空事業(yè)的發(fā)展，制定本法。
Article 1 This Law is enacted with a view to safeguarding the national sove- reignty of territorial airspace and the rights of civil aviation, to ensuring the conduct of civil aviation activities in a safe and orderly manner, to protecting the lawful rights and interests of the parties concerned in civil aviation activities, and to promoting the development of civil aviation industry.
第二條 中華人民共和國的領陸和領水之上的空域為中華人民共和國航空。
Article 2 The airspace above the land territory and territorial waters of the People's Republic of China is the territorial airspace of the People's Republic of China.
中華人民共和國對領空享有完全的、排他的主權。
The People's Republic of China has complete and exclusive sovereignty over its territorial airspace.
第三條 國務院民用航空主管部門對全國民用航空活動實施統(tǒng)一監(jiān)督管理；根據法律和國務院的決定，在本部門的權限內，發(fā)布有關民用航空活動的規(guī)定、決定。
Article 3 The competent civil aviation authority under the State Council exercises unified supervision and administration over civil aviation activities in the whole country; issues regulations and decisions concerning civil aviation activities within the scope of its authority in accordance with laws and the decisions of the State Council.
國務院民用航空主管部門設立的地區(qū)民用航空管理機構依照國務院民用航空主管部門的授權，監(jiān)督管理各該地區(qū)的民用航空活動。
The regional civil aviation administrative organs set up by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council supervise and administer the civil aviation activities in their respective regions in accordance with the authorizations of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
第四條 國家扶持民用航空事業(yè)的發(fā)展，鼓勵和支持發(fā)展民用航空的科學研究和教育事業(yè)，提高民用航空科學技術水平。
Article 4 The State supports the development of civil aviation industry, and encourages and supports the progress of scientific research and education in the field of civil aviation and the improvement of civil aviation science and technology.
國家扶持民用航空器制造業(yè)的發(fā)展，為民用航空活動提供安全、先進、經濟、適用的民用航空器。
The State supports the development of civil aircraft manufacturing industry so as to provide safe, advanced, economical and suitable civil aircraft for civil aviation activities.
第二章 民用航空器國籍
Chapter II Nationality of Civil Aircraft
第五條 本法所稱民用航空器，是指除用于執(zhí)行軍事、海關、警察飛行任務外的航空器。
Article 5 Civil aircraft as referred to in this Law means aircraft other than those used in flight missions of military, customs and police services.
第六條 經中華人民共和國國務院民用航空主管部門依法進行國籍登記的民用航空器，具有中華人民共和國國籍，由國務院民用航空主管部門發(fā)給國籍登記證書。
Article 6 A civil aircraft that has performed its nationality registration with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council of the People's Republic of China according to law has the nationality of the People's Republic of China, and shall be issued a nationality registration certificate by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
國務院民用航空主管部門設立中華人民共和國民用航空器國籍登記簿，統(tǒng)一記載民用航空器的國籍登記事項。
The competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall set up a Civil Aircraft Nationality Register of the People's Republic of China to exclusively record matters concerning nationality registration of civil aircraft.
第七條 下列民用航空器應當進行中華人民共和國國籍登記：
Article 7 The following civil aircraft shall perform the nationality registration of the People's Republic of China:
（一）中華人民共和國國家機構的民用航空器；
(1) The civil aircraft of a State organ of the People's Republic of China;
（二）依照中華人民共和國法律設立的企業(yè)法人的民用航空器；企業(yè)法人的注冊資本中有外商出資的，其機構設置、人員組成和中方投資人的出資比例，應當符合行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定；
(2) The civil aircraft of a corporate enterprise set up in accordance with the law of the People's Republic of China; if such corporate enterprise has foreign investment in its registered capital, its organizational structure and composition of personnel, and the proportion of contribution of Chinese investor shall conform to the provisions of administrative rules and regulations; and
（三）國務院民用航空主管部門準予登記的其他民用航空器。
(3) Other civil aircraft, the registration of which is approved by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
自境外租賃的民用航空器，承租人符合前款規(guī)定，該民用航空器的機組人員由承租人配備的，可以申請登記中華人民共和國國籍，但是必須先予注銷該民用航空器原國籍登記。
Where a civil aircraft was leased from abroad, the lessee being in conformity with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, and the crew of the civil aircraft is provided by the lessee, the latter may apply for the nationality registration of the People's Republic of China, provided that the original nationality registration of such aircraft has been cancelled.
第八條 依法取得中華人民共和國國籍的民用航空器，應當標明規(guī)定的國籍標志和登記標志。
Article 8 A civil aircraft which has acquired the nationality of the People's Republic of China according to law shall display the specified nationality mark and registration mark.
第九條 民用航空器不得具有雙重國籍。未注銷外國國籍的民用航空器不得在中華人民共和國申請國籍登記。
Article 9 A civil aircraft shall not possess dual nationality. Application for the nationality registration of the People's Republic of China shall not be filed for a civil aircraft which has not cancelled its nationality of a foreign country.
第三章 民用航空器權利 第一節(jié) 一般規(guī)定
Chapter III Rights of Civil Aircraft Section 1 Basic Principles
第十條 本章規(guī)定的對民用航空器的權利，包括對民用航空器構架、發(fā)動機、螺旋槳、無線電設備和其他一切為了在民用航空器上使用的，無論安裝于其上或者暫時拆離的物品的權利。
Article 10 The rights to a civil aircraft as referred to in this Chapter include the rights to the airframe, engines, propellers, radio apparatus of the civil aircraft and all other articles intended for use in such civil aircraft, no matter whether they are installed thereon or separated temporarily therefrom.
第十一條 民用航空器權利人應當就下列權利分別向國務院民用航空主管部門辦理權利登記：
Article 11 The person entitled to the rights of a civil aircraft shall register the following rights respectively with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council:
（一）民用航空器所有權；
(1) The ownership of the civil aircraft;
（二）通過購買行為取得并占有民用航空器的權利；
(2) The right for the acquisition and possession of the civil aircraft through an act of purchase;
（三）根據租賃期限為六個月以上的租賃合同占有民用航空器的權利；
(3) The right to possess the civil aircraft in accordance with a lease contract covering a lease term of six months or over; and
（四）民用航空器抵押權。
(4) Mortgage of the civil aircraft.
第十二條 國務院民用航空主管部門設立民用航空器權利登記簿。同一民用航空器的權利登記事項應當記載于同一權利登記簿中。
Article 12 A register of the rights of civil aircraft shall be maintained by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council. Matters registered concerning the rights of one and the same civil aircraft shall be recorded in the same register of rights.
民用航空器權利登記事項，可以供公眾查詢、復制或者摘錄。
Matters registered concerning the rights of civil aircraft may be made available to the public for inquiry, reproduction or extraction.
第十三條 除民用航空器經依法強制拍賣外，在已經登記的民用航空器權利得到補償或者民用航空器權利人同意之前，民用航空器的國籍登記或者權利登記不得轉移至國外。
Article 13 Unless a civil aircraft was the subject of a forced auction sale in accordance with the law, the nationality registration of such civil aircraft or the registration of rights thereof shall not be transferred abroad before the registered rights of such aircraft are compensated or before the consent of the person entitled to the aforesaid rights is given.
第二節(jié) 民用航空器所有權和抵押權
Section 2 Ownership and Mortgage of Civil Aircraft
第十四條 民用航空器所有權的取得、轉讓和消滅，應當向國務院民用航空主管部門登記；未經登記的，不得對抗第三人。
Article 14 The acquisition, transference and extinction of the ownership of a civil aircraft shall be registered with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council; no acquisition, transference or extinction of the ownership of the civil aircraft shall act against a third party unless registered.
民用航空器所有權的轉讓，應當簽訂書面合同。
The transference of the ownership of a civil aircraft shall be made by a contract in writing.
第十五條 國家所有的民用航空器，由國家授予法人經營管理或者使用的，本法有關民用航空器所有人的規(guī)定適用于該法人。
Article 15 Where a State-owned civil aircraft is authorized by the State to be operated, administered or utilized by a legal person, the provisions of this Law concerning the owner of civil aircraft shall be applicable to such legal person.
第十六條 設定民用航空器抵押權，由抵押權人和抵押人共同向國務院民用航空主管部門辦理抵押權登記；未經登記的，不得對抗第三人。
Article 16 The mortgage of a civil aircraft shall be established by registering the mortgage of the civil aircraft with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council jointly by the mortgagee and the mortgagor; no mortgage may act against a third party unless registered.
第十七條 民用航空器抵押權設定后，未經抵押權人同意，抵押人不得將被抵押民用航空器轉讓他人。
Article 17 Once a mortgage is established on a civil aircraft, the ownership of the mortgaged civil aircraft shall not be transferred without the consent of the mortgagee.
第三節(jié) 民用航空器優(yōu)先權
Section 3 Civil Aircraft Liens
第十八條 民用航空器優(yōu)先權，是指債權人依照本法第十九條規(guī)定，向民用航空器所有人、承租人提出賠償請求，對產生該賠償請求的民用航空器具有優(yōu)先受償的權利。
Article 18 A civil aircraft lien is the right of the claimant, subject to the provisions of Article 19 of this Law, to take priority in compensation against the owner and lessee of the civil aircraft with respect to the civil aircraft which gave rise to the said claim.
第十九條 下列各項債權具有民用航空器優(yōu)先權：
Article 19 The following obligatory rights shall be entitled to civil aircraft liens:
（一）援救該民用航空器的報酬；
(1) Remuneration for rescuing the civil aircraft; and
（二）保管維護該民用航空器的必需費用。
(2) Necessary expenses incurred for the custody of the civil aircraft.
前款規(guī)定的各項債權，后發(fā)生的先受償。
With respect to the obligatory rights specified in the preceding paragraph, that arising later shall be satisfied first.
第二十條 本法第十九條規(guī)定的民用航空器優(yōu)先權，其債權人應當自援救或者保管維護工作終了之日起三個月內，就其債權向國務院民用航空主管部門登記。
Article 20 The creditor of the civil aircraft liens specified in Article 19 of this Law shall register his obligatory rights with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council within three months commencing from the date of the end of rescue or custody.
第二十一條 為了債權人的共同利益，在執(zhí)行人民法院判決以及拍賣過程中產生的費用，應當從民用航空器拍賣所得價款中先行撥付。
Article 21 For the common interests of creditors, the expenses incurred in enforcing the decision of the People's Court and in the course of auction sale shall be deducted and paid first from the proceeds of the auction sale of the civil aircraft.
第二十二條 民用航空器優(yōu)先權先于民用航空器抵押權受償。
Article 22 A civil aircraft lien shall have priority over the mortgage of a civil aircraft.
第二十三條 本法第十九條規(guī)定的債權轉移的，其民用航空器優(yōu)先權隨之轉移。
Article 23 Where the obligatory rights provided in Article 19 of this Law are transferred, the civil aircraft liens attached thereto shall be transferred accordingly.
第二十四條 民用航空器優(yōu)先權應當通過人民法院扣押產生優(yōu)先權的民用航空器行使。
Article 24 A civil aircraft lien shall be enforced by the People's Court by arresting the civil aircraft that gave rise to the said civil aircraft lien.
第二十五條 民用航空器優(yōu)先權自援救或者保管維護工作終了之日起滿三個月時終止；但是，債權人就其債權已經依照本法第二十條規(guī)定登記，并具有下列情形之一的除外：
Article 25 A civil aircraft lien shall be terminated at the expiry of three months commencing from the date of the end of rescue or custody; except that the creditor has registered his obligatory rights according to the provisions of Article 20 of this Law and that the case is under one of the following circumstances:
（一）債權人、債務人已經就此項債權的金額達成協(xié)議；
(1) The creditor and debtor have reached agreement on the amount of the said obligatory rights; or
（二）有關此項債權的訴訟已經開始。
(2) The legal action concerning the obligatory rights has started.
民用航空器優(yōu)先權不因民用航空器所有權的轉讓而消滅；但是，民用航空器經依法強制拍賣的除外。
A civil aircraft lien shall not be extinguished because of the transference of the ownership of the civil aircraft; except that the civil aircraft was the subject of a forced auction sale in accordance with law.
第四節(jié) 民用航空器租賃
Section 4 Lease of Civil Aircraft
第二十六條 民用航空器租賃合同，包括融資租賃合同和其他租賃合同，應當以書面形式訂立。
Article 26 A civil aircraft lease contract, including financing lease contract and other lease contracts, shall be made in writing.
第二十七條 民用航空器的融資租賃，是指出租人按照承租人對供貨方和民用航空器的選擇，購得民用航空器，出租給承租人使用，由承租人定期交納租金。
Article 27 The financing lease of civil aircraft means that the lessor acquires a civil aircraft pursuant to the selection of the lessee with respect to supplier and civil aircraft, and leases it to the lessee, who shall pay rental periodically.
第二十八條 融資租賃期間，出租人依法享有民用航空器所有權，承租人依法享有民用航空器的占有、使用、收益權。
Article 28 During the period of financing lease, the lessor shall be legally entitled to the ownership of the civil aircraft, and the lessee shall be legally entitled to the rights of possession, utilization and earnings of the civil aircraft.
第二十九條 融資租賃期間，出租人不得干擾承租人依法占有、使用民用航空器；承租人應當適當地保管民用航空器，使之處于原交付時的狀態(tài)，但是合理損耗和經出租人同意的對民用航空器的改變除外。
Article 29 During the period of financing lease, the lessor shall ensure the lessee to possess and use the civil aircraft without interference; the lessee shall take proper care of the civil aircraft and keep it in the condition in which it was delivered, subject to fair wear and tear and to any modification of the civil aircraft agreed by the lessor.
第三十條 融資租賃期滿，承租人應當將符合本法第二十九條規(guī)定狀態(tài)的民用航空器退還出租人；但是，承租人依照合同行使購買民用航空器的權利或者為繼續(xù)租賃而占有民用航空器的除外。
Article 30 When the financing lease contract comes to an end, the lessee, unless exercising a right to purchase the civil aircraft or to hold the civil aircraft on lease for a further period in accordance with the contract, shall return the civil aircraft to the lessor in the condition specified in Article 29 of this Law.
第三十一條 民用航空器融資租賃中的供貨方，不就同一損害同時對出租人和承租人承擔責任。
Article 31 The supplier in the financing lease of a civil aircraft shall not be liable to both the lessor and the lessee at the same time in respect of the same damage.
第三十二條 融資租賃期間，經出租人同意，在不損害第三人利益的情況下，承租人可以轉讓其對民用航空器的占有權或者租賃合同約定的其他權利。
Article 32 During the period of financing lease, the lessee may transfer the right of the possession of the civil aircraft as well as other rights under the lease contract only with the consent of the lessor and without jeopardizing the interests of third parties.
第三十三條 民用航空器的融資租賃和租賃期限為六個月以上的其他租賃，承租人應當就其對民用航空器的占有權向國務院民用航空主管部門辦理登記；未經登記的，不得對抗第三人。
Article 33 In the case of a financing lease, or other leases covering a period of six months or longer, the lessee shall register his right of possession of the civil aircraft with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council; no such lease may act against a third party unless registered.
第四章 民用航空器適航管理
Chapter IV Airworthiness Management of Civil Aircraft
第三十四條 設計民用航空器及其發(fā)動機、螺旋槳和民用航空器上設備，應當向國務院民用航空主管部門申請領取型號合格證書。經審查合格的，發(fā)給型號合格證書。
Article 34 Application shall be filed with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for type certificate for the designing of civil aircraft and its engines, propellers and on-board equipment. A type certificate shall be issued accordingly if found qualified through examination.
第三十五條 生產、維修民用航空器及其發(fā)動機、螺旋槳和民用航空器上設備，應當向國務院民用航空主管部門申請領取生產許可證書、維修許可證書。經審查合格的，發(fā)給相應的證書。
Article 35 Application shall be filed with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for production certificate and maintenance certificate for the production and maintenance of civil aircraft and its engines, propellers and on-board equipment. A corresponding certificate or certificates shall be issued accordingly if found qualified through examination.
第三十六條 外國制造人生產的任何型號的民用航空器及其發(fā)動機、螺旋槳和民用航空器上設備，首次進口中國的，該外國制造人應當向國務院民用航空主管部門申請領取型號認可證書。經審查合格的，發(fā)給型號認可證書。
Article 36 Where a civil aircraft and its engines, propellers and on-board equipment produced by a foreign manufacturer are imported into China for the first time, such foreign manufacturer shall file an application with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for type validation certificate. A type validation certificate shall be issued if found qualified through examination.
已取得外國頒發(fā)的型號合格證書的民用航空器及其發(fā)動機、螺旋槳和民用航空器上設備，首次在中國境內生產的，該型號合格證書的持有人應當向國務院民用航空主管部門申請領取型號認可證書。經審查合格的，發(fā)給型號認可證書。
Where a civil aircraft and its engines, propellers and on-board equipment, for which a type certificate has been issued in a foreign country, are produced for the first time in China, the holder of the type certificate shall file an application with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for type validation certificate. A type validation certificate shall be issued if found qualified through examination.
第三十七條 具有中華人民共和國國籍的民用航空器，應當持有國務院民用航空主管部門頒發(fā)的適航證書，方可飛行。
Article 37 A civil aircraft possessing the nationality of the People's Republic of China may fly only if it holds an airworthiness certificate issued by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
出口民用航空器及其發(fā)動機、螺旋槳和民用航空器上設備，制造人應當向國務院民用航空主管部門申請領取出口適航證書。經審查合格的，發(fā)給出口適航證書。
Application shall be filed with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council by the manufacturer for export airworthiness certificate with respect to the export of civil aircraft and its engines, propellers and on-board equipment. An export airworthiness certificate shall be issued if found qualified through examination.
租用的外國民用航空器，應當經國務院民用航空主管部門對其原國籍登記國發(fā)給的適航證書審查認可或者另發(fā)適航證書，方可飛行。
A foreign civil aircraft on lease may fly only after the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council has examined and rendered valid its airworthiness certificate issued by the State in which the nationality of such aircraft was originally registered, or has issued a new airworthiness certificate therefor.
民用航空器適航管理規(guī)定，由國務院制定。
The regulations for the airworthiness of civil air-craft shall be formulated by the State Council.
第三十八條 民用航空器的所有人或者承租人應當按照適航證書規(guī)定的使用范圍使用民用航空器，做好民用航空器的維修保養(yǎng)工作，保證民用航空器處于適航狀態(tài)。
Article 38 The owner and lessee of a civil aircraft shall use the aircraft in accordance with the scope of use prescribed in airworthiness certificate, conscientiously carry out the maintenance of the aircraft and ensure its airworthiness.
第五章 航空人員 第一節(jié) 一般規(guī)定
Chapter V Airmen Section 1 Basic Principles
第三十九條 本法所稱航空人員，是指下列從事民用航空活動的空勤人員和地面人員：
Article 39 The airmen as referred to in this Law means the following flight personnel and ground personnel engaged in civil aviation activities:
（一）空勤人員，包括駕駛員、領航員、飛行機械人員、飛行通信員、乘務員；
(1) Flight personnel, including pilots, navigators, flight engineers, flight radio operators and cabin attendants; and
（二）地面人員，包括民用航空器維修人員、空中交通管制員、飛行簽派員、航空電臺通信員。
(2) Ground personnel, including civil aircraft maintenance personnel, air traffic controllers, flight dispatchers and aeronautical radio station operators.
第四十條 航空人員應當接受專門訓練，經考核合格，取得國務院民用航空主管部門頒發(fā)的執(zhí)照，方可擔任其執(zhí)照載明的工作。
Article 40 An airman may perform the duty specified in his licence only if he has received professional training, and has been qualified through examination and issued a licence by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
空勤人員和空中交通管制員在取得執(zhí)照前，還應當接受國務院民用航空主管部門認可的體格檢查單位的檢查，并取得國務院民用航空主管部門頒發(fā)的體格檢查合格證書。
Flight personnel and air traffic controllers shall, before obtaining licences, also be subject to the check of the physical examination unit approved by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council, and obtain the physical examination certificate issued by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
第四十一條 空勤人員在執(zhí)行飛行任務時，應當隨身攜帶執(zhí)照和體格檢查合格證書，并接受國務院民用航空主管部門的查驗。
Article 41 Flight personnel shall, in performing flight missions, carry on their persons licences and physical examination certificates and be subject to the check of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
第四十二條 航空人員應當接受國務院民用航空主管部門定期或者不定期的檢查和考核；經檢查、考核合格的，方可繼續(xù)擔任其執(zhí)照載明的工作。
Article 42 Airmen shall be subject to the periodical or non-periodical inspection and examination of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council. Only those qualified in inspection and examination may continue to perform the duties specified in their licences.
空勤人員還應當參加定期的緊急程序訓練。
Flight personnel shall also take part in periodical training of emergency procedures.
空勤人員間斷飛行的時間超過國務院民用航空主管部門規(guī)定時限的，應當經過檢查和考核；乘務員以外的空勤人員還應當經過帶飛。
Flight personnel who have exceeded the time limit of interruption in flight prescribed by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall be subject to inspection and examination; with the exception of cabin attendants, flight personnel shall also go through instruction flight.
經檢查、考核、帶飛合格的，方可繼續(xù)擔任其執(zhí)照載明的工作。
Only those qualified through inspection, examination and instruction flight may continue to perform the duties specified in their licences.
第二節(jié) 機組
Section 2 Crew
第四十三條 民用航空器機組由機長和其他空勤人員組成。
Article 43 The crew of a civil aircraft is composed of a pilot-in-command and other flight personnel.
機長應當由具有獨立駕駛該型號民用航空器的技術和經驗的駕駛員擔任。
The pilot-in-command shall be a pilot possessing the technique and experience of independently piloting that type of civil aircraft.
機組的組成和人員數額，應當符合國務院民用航空主管部門的規(guī)定。
The composition of a crew and the number of its members shall conform to the regulations of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
第四十四條 民用航空器的操作由機長負責，機長應當嚴格履行職責，保護民用航空器及其所載人員和財產的安全。
Article 44 The pilot-in-command is responsible for the operation of the civil aircraft, and shall strictly perform his duties to protect the safety of the civil aircraft and persons and property carried therein.
機長在其職權范圍內發(fā)布的命令，民用航空器所載人員都應當執(zhí)行。
Orders issued by the pilot-in-command within the scope of his functions and powers shall be implemented by all the persons carried by the civil aircraft.
第四十五條 飛行前，機長應當對民用航空器實施必 的檢查；未經檢查，不得起飛。
Article 45 The pilot-in-command shall carry out necessary inspection of the civil aircraft before flight; no civil aircraft shall takeoff unless inspected.
機長發(fā)現(xiàn)民用航空器、機嘗氣象條件等不符合規(guī)定，不能保證飛行安全的，有權拒絕起飛。
Where and when a pilot-in-command discovers that the civil aircraft, airport and weather conditions do not conform to the requirements prescribed and cannot ensure flight safety, he has the right to refuse takeoff.
第四十六條 飛行中，對于任何破壞民用航空器、擾亂民用航空器內秩序、危害民用航空器所載人員或者財產安全以及其他危及飛行安全的行為，在保證安全的前提下，機長有權采取必要的適當措施。
Article 46 The pilot-in-command has the right to take necessary and appropriate measures in flight, under the prerequisite of ensuring flight safety, against any acts which may destroy the civil aircraft, interfere with the order on board and jeopardize the safety of persons or property therein, and any other acts jeopardizing flight safety.
飛行中，遇到特殊情況時，為保證民用航空器及其所載人員的安全，機長有權對民用航空器作出處置。
In case of extraordinary circumstances in flight, the pilot-in-command shall have authority as to disposition of the civil aircraft so as to ensure the safety of the aircraft and the persons therein.
第四十七條 機長發(fā)現(xiàn)機組人員不適宜執(zhí)行飛行任務的，為保證飛行安全，有權提出調整。
Article 47 The pilot-in-command has the right to ask for a change of crew member(s) in order to ensure flight safety if he discovers that the crew member(s) are not suitable for performing the flight mission.
第四十八條 民用航空器遇險時，機長有權采取一切必要措施，并指揮機組人員和航空器上其他人員采取搶救措施。
Article 48 In case a civil aircraft is in distress, the pilot-in-command has the right to take all necessary measures, and direct the crew members and other persons on board the aircraft to take rescue measures.
在必須撤離遇險民用航空器的緊急情況下，機長必須采取措施，首先組織旅客安全離開民用航空器；
In case of emergency which necessitates evacuation from the civil aircraft in distress, the pilot-in-command must take measures first to organize passengers to leave the civil aircraft safely;
未經機長允許，機組人員不得擅自離開民用航空器；機長應當最后離開民用航空器。
no crew member shall leave the civil aircraft unless authorized by the pilot-in-command; the pilot-in-command shall be the last to leave the aircraft.
第四十九條 民用航空器發(fā)生事故，機長應當直接或者通過空中交通管制單位，如實將事故情況及時報告國務院民用航空主管部門。
Article 49 In case an accident occurred to a civil aircraft, the pilot-in-command shall report in time the state of the accident accurately to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council directly or through air traffic control unit.
第五十條 機長收到船舶或者其他航空器的遇險信號，或者發(fā)現(xiàn)遇險的船舶、航空器及其人員，應當將遇險情況及時報告就近的空中交通管制單位并給予可能的合理的援助。
Article 50 When a pilot-in-command received SOS signals from a ship or another aircraft, or discovered a ship or an aircraft and the persons therein in distress, he shall report the state of distress in time to the nearest air traffic control unit and give possible, rational assistance.
第五十一條 飛行中，機長因故不能履行職務的，由僅次于機長職務的駕駛員代理機長；
Article 51 In case a pilot-in-command is unable to perform his duties in flight due to one reason or another, the pilot holding a post next only to him shall act on his behalf;
在下一個經停地起飛前，民用航空器所有人或者承租人應當指派新機長接任。
the owner or lessee of the civil aircraft shall assign a new pilot-in-command to take over before the aircraft takes off at the next place of stop.
第五十二條 只有一名駕駛員，不需配備其他空勤人員的民用航空器，本節(jié)對機長的規(guī)定，適用于該駕駛員。
Article 52 In the case of a civil aircraft with only one pilot and without the need to have other flight personnel, the provisions of this Section concerning the pilot-in-command shall be applicable to such pilot.
第六章 民用機場
Chapter VI Civil Airport
第五十三條 本法所稱民用機場，是指專供民用航空器起飛、降落、滑行、停放以及進行其他活動使用的劃定區(qū)域，包括附屬的建筑物、裝置和設施。
Article 53 The civil airport as referred to in this Law means a defined area, including any subsidiary buildings, installations and equipment, intended to be used for the takeoff, landing, taxiing, parking and other activities of civil aircraft.
本法所稱民用機場不包括臨時機場。
The civil airport referred to in this Law does not include temporary airfield.
軍民合用機場由國務院、中央軍事委員會另行制定管理辦法。
The measures for the management of airports used by both military and civil air operations shall be separately formulated by the State Council and the Central Military Commission jointly.
第五十四條 民用機場的建設和使用應當統(tǒng)籌安排、合理布局，提高機場的使用效率。
Article 54 The construction and utilization of civil airports shall be subject to overall arrangement and rational distribution, and the efficiency of airport utilization shall be raised.
全國民用機場的布局和建設規(guī)劃，由國務院民用航空主管部門會同國務院其他有關部門制定，并按照國家規(guī)定的程序，經批準后組織實施。
The plan of distribution and construction of civil airports in the whole country shall be formulated jointly by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council and other departments concerned under the State Council, and shall be implemented after being approved in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the State.
盛自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府應當根據全國民用機場的布局和建設規(guī)劃，制定本行政區(qū)域內的民用機場建設規(guī)劃，并按照國家規(guī)定的程序報經批準后，將其納入本級國民經濟和社會發(fā)展規(guī)劃。
The People's Governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate the civil airport construction plans of their own administrative areas on the basis of the national plan of civil airport distribution and construction, and incorporate such plans into the national economic and social development programs at their respective levels after being approved in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the State.
第五十五條 民用機場建設規(guī)劃應當與城市建設規(guī)劃相協(xié)調。
Article 55 The civil airport construction plan shall be coordinated with city construction planning.
第五十六條 新建、改建和擴建民用機場，應當符合依法制定的民用機場布局和建設規(guī)劃，符合民用機場標準，并按照國家規(guī)定報經有關主管機關批準并實施。
Article 56 The construction, modification and extension of a civil airport shall conform to the plan of civil airport distribution and construction formulated according to law and to the standards of civil airport, and shall be subject to the approval of the competent authority concerned and implemented in accordance with State regulations.
不符合依法制定的民用機場布局和建設規(guī)劃的民用機場建設項目，不得批準。
A construction project of civil airport not conforming to the plan of civil airport distribution and construction formulated according to law shall not be approved.
第五十七條 新建、擴建民用機場，應當由民用機場所在地縣級以上地方人民政府發(fā)布公告。
Article 57 With respect to the construction and extension of a civil airport, an announcement shall be issued by the local People's Government at or above the county level in the place where the civil airport is located.
前款規(guī)定的公告應當在當地主要報紙上刊登，并在擬新建、擴建機場周圍地區(qū)張貼。
The announcement prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be published in main local newspapers, and posted in areas around the airport to be constructed or extended.
第五十八條 禁止在依法劃定的民用機場范圍內和按照國家規(guī)定劃定的機場凈空保護區(qū)域內從事下列活動：
Article 58 The following activities are prohibited within the limits of civil airport defined according to law and within the airport obstacle clearance protection zone defined according to State regulations:
（一）修建可能在空中排放大量煙霧、粉塵、火焰、廢氣而影響飛行安全的建筑物或者設施；
(1) The construction of buildings or facilities that will possibly affect flight safety by emitting large amount of smoke, dust, flames and waste gas in the air;
（二）修建靶嘗強烈爆炸物倉庫等影響飛行安全的建筑物或者設施；
(2) The construction of buildings or facilities that will affect flight safety such as shooting range and storage of strong explosives;
（三）修建不符合機場凈空要求的建筑物或者設施；
(3) The construction of buildings or facilities that do not meet the requirements of obstacle clearance of the airport;
（四）設置影響機場目視助航設施使用的燈光、標志或者物體；
(4) The installation of lights, signs or objects that will affect the use of airport visual navaid;
（五）種植影響飛行安全或者影響機場助航設施使用的植物；
(5) The growing of plants that will affect flight safety or affect the use of airport navaid;
（六）飼養(yǎng)、放飛影響飛行安全的鳥類動物和其他物體；
(6) The keeping and setting free of birds and other objects that will affect flight safety; and
（七）修建影響機場電磁環(huán)境的建筑物或者設施。
(7) The construction of buildings or facilities that will affect the electromagnetic environment of the airport.
禁止在依法劃定的民用機場范圍內放養(yǎng)牲畜。
Herding of livestock within the limits of civil airport defined according to law is prohibited.
第五十九條 民用機場新建、擴建的公告發(fā)布前，在依法劃定的民用機場范圍內和按照國家規(guī)定劃定的機場凈空保護區(qū)域內存在的可能影響飛行安全的建筑物、構筑物、樹木、燈光和其他障礙物體，應當在規(guī)定的期限內清除；對由此造成的損失，應當給予補償或者依法采取其他補救措施。
Article 59 Before the issue of announcement concerning the construction and extension of a civil airport, the buildings, structures, trees, lights and other obstacles existing within the limits of the civil airport defined according to law and within the airport obstacle clearance protection zone defined in accordance with State regulations that might affect flight safety shall be removed within prescribed time limit; the damage caused thereby shall be compensated or other remedial measures shall be taken according to law.
第六十條 民用機場新建、擴建的公告發(fā)布后，任何單位和個人違反本法和有關行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定，在依法劃定的民用機場范圍內和按照國家規(guī)定劃定的機場凈空保護區(qū)域內修建、種植或者設置影響飛行安全的建筑物、構筑物、樹木、燈光和其他障礙物體的，由機場所在地縣級以上地方人民政府責令清除；
Article 60 After the issue of announcement concerning the construction and extension of a civil airport, the buildings, structures, trees, lights and other obstacles, that affect flight safety, built, planted or put up in violation of this Law and the provisions of relevant administrative rules and regulations by any unit or individual within the limits of the civil airport defined according to law and within the airport obstacle clearance protection zone defined in accordance with State regulations shall be removed by the order of the local People's Government at or above the county level in the place where the airport is located;
由此造成的損失，由修建、種植或者設置該障礙物體的人承擔。
the damage caused thereby shall be borne by the person who built, planted or put up such obstacles.
第六十一條 在民用機場及其按照國家規(guī)定劃定的凈空保護區(qū)域以外，對可能影響飛行安全的高大建筑物或者設施，應當按照國家有關規(guī)定設置飛行障礙燈和標志，并使其保持正常狀態(tài)。
Article 61 In accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, movement obstacle lights and marks shall be installed on high buildings or facilities, outside the civil airport and its obstacle clearance protection zone defined according to State regulations, that will possibly affect flight safety, and shall be kept in normal condition.
第六十二條 民用機場應當持有機場使用許可證，方可開放使用。
Article 62 A civil airport may be opened to traffic only if it holds an airport operating licence.
民用機場具備下列條件，并按照國家規(guī)定經驗收合格后，方可申請機場使用許可證：
A civil airport may apply for an airport operating licence if it meets the following conditions and has been checked and accepted as qualified according to State regulations:
（一）具備與其運營業(yè)務相適應的飛行區(qū)、航站區(qū)、工作區(qū)以及服務設施和人員；
(1) It has available a movement area, a terminal area, a working area and service facilities and personnel corresponding to its operation;
（二）具備能夠保障飛行安全的空中交通管制、通信導航、氣象等設施和人員；
(2) It has available air traffic control, communication, navigation and meteorological facilities and personnel that can ensure flight safety;
（三）具備符合國家規(guī)定的安全保衛(wèi)條件；
(3) It has available security protection conditions conforming to State regulations;
（四）具備處理特殊情況的應急計劃以及相應的設施和人員；
(4) It has an emergency plan to deal with extraordinary circumstances and corresponding facilities and personnel; and
（五）具備國務院民用航空主管部門規(guī)定的其他條件。
(5) It has available other conditions prescribed by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
國際機場還應當具備國際通航條件，設立海關和其他口岸檢查機關。
An international airport shall also have the conditions for operating international air transport and be provided with customs and other port inspection organs.
第六十三條 民用機場使用許可證由機場管理機構向國務院民用航空主管部門申請，經國務院民用航空主管部門審查批準后頒發(fā)。
Article 63 A civil airport operating licence shall be applied for by airport administrative organ to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council, and shall be issued after the application being examined and approved by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
第六十四條 設立國際機場，由國務院民用航空主管部門報請國務院審查批準。
Article 64 The establishment of an international airport shall be reported by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for the examination and approval of the State Council.
國際機場的開放使用，由國務院民用航空主管部門對外公告；國際機場資料由國務院民用航空主管部門統(tǒng)一對外提供。
The opening to traffic of an international airport shall be announced to the public by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council; the data of an international airport shall be exclusively provided by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
第六十五條 民用機場應當按照國務院民用航空主管部門的規(guī)定，采取措施，保證機場內人員和財產的安全。
Article 65 A civil airport shall take measures to ensure the safety of personnel and property in the airport in accordance with the provisions of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
第六十六條 供運輸旅客或者貨物的民用航空器使用的民用機場，應當按照國務院民用航空主管部門規(guī)定的標準，設置必要設施，為旅客和貨物托運人、收貨人提供良好服務。
Article 66 A civil airport used by civil aircraft for the purpose of transporting passengers and cargo shall be equipped with necessary facilities to provide good service to passengers, shippers and consignees in accordance with the standards provided by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
第六十七條 民用機場管理機構應當依照環(huán)境保護法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定，做好機場環(huán)境保護工作。
Article 67 A civil airport administrative organ shall protect well the environment of the civil airport in accordance with the provisions of the laws and administrative rules and regulations concerning environmental protection.
第六十八條 民用航空器使用民用機場及其助航設施的，應當繳納使用費、服務費；使用費、服務費的收費標準，由國務院民用航空主管部門會同國務院財政部門、物價主管部門制定。
Article 68 A user's charge and a service charge shall be paid for the use of civil airport and its navaid by a civil aircraft; the rates of user's charge and service charge shall be formulated jointly by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council and the finance department and the competent authority of prices under the State Council.
第六十九條 民用機場廢棄或者改作他用，民用機場管理機構應當依照國家規(guī)定辦理報批手續(xù)。
Article 69 Where a civil airport is abandoned or used for other purposes, the civil airport administrative organ shall go through the formalities of reporting and approval in accordance with State regulations.
第七章 空中航行 第一節(jié) 空域管理
Chapter VII Air Navigation Section 1 Airspace Management
第七十條 國家對空域實行統(tǒng)一管理。
Article 70 The State exercises unified management over the airspace.
第七十一條 劃分空域，應當兼顧民用航空和國防安全的需要以及公眾的利益，使空域得到合理、充分、有效的利用。
Article 71 In delineating the airspace, consideration shall be given to the requirements of both civil aviation and the security of national defence and to public interest for the rational, full and effective utilization of the airspace.
第七十二條 空域管理的具體辦法，由國務院、中央軍事委員會制定。
Article 72 The specific measures for airspace management shall be formulated jointly by the State Council and the Central Military Commission.
第二節(jié) 飛行管理
Section 2 Flight Management
第七十三條 在一個劃定的管制空域內，由一個空中交通管制單位負責該空域內的航空器的空中交通管制。
Article 73 Responsibility for the control of aircraft operating within a defined, controlled airspace shall be vested in a single air traffic control unit.
第七十四條 民用航空器在管制空域內進行飛行活動，應當取得空中交通管制單位的許可。
Article 74 The approval of an air traffic control unit shall be obtained for a civil aircraft to conduct flight activities in a controlled airspace.
第七十五條 民用航空器應當按照空中交通管制單位指定的航路和飛行高度飛行；
Article 75 A civil aircraft in flight shall follow the air route and fly at the altitude specified by the air traffic control unit;
因故確需偏離指定的航路或者改變飛行高度飛行的，應當取得空中交通管制單位的許可。
permission shall be obtained from the air traffic control unit if a deviation from the air route or a change in flight altitude specified is necessary for one reason or another.
第七十六條 在中華人民共和國境內飛行的航空器，必須遵守統(tǒng)一的飛行規(guī)則。
Article 76 Aircraft flying in the territory of the People's Republic of China must observe unified rules of the air.
進行目視飛行的民用航空器，應當遵守目視飛行規(guī)則，并與其他航空器、地面障礙物體保持安全距離。
A civil aircraft performing visual flight shall observe visual flight rules and keep a safe separation from other aircraft and ground obstacles.
進行儀表飛行的民用航空器，應當遵守儀表飛行規(guī)則。
A civil aircraft performing instrument flight shall observe instrument flight rules.
飛行規(guī)則由國務院、中央軍事委員會制定。
The rules of the air shall be formulated jointly by the State Council and the Central Military Commission.
第七十七條 民用航空器機組人員的飛行時間、執(zhí)勤時間不得超過國務院民用航空主管部門規(guī)定的時限。
Article 77 No crew member of a civil aircraft shall perform a flight mission if his flight time or time on duty exceeds the time limits prescribed by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
民用航空器機組人員受到酒類飲料、麻醉劑或者其他藥物的影響，損及工作能力的，不得執(zhí)行飛行任務。
No crew member of a civil aircraft shall perform a flight mission if his work capacity is impaired by the effect of alcoholic beverage, narcotic or other drugs.
第七十八條 民用航空器除按照國家規(guī)定經特別批準外，不得飛入禁區(qū)；
Article 78 No civil aircraft shall fly into a prohibited area unless it is specially approved in accordance with State regulations;
除遵守規(guī)定的限制條件外，不得飛入限制區(qū)。
no civil aircraft shall fly into a restricted area unless it observes the prescribed conditions of restriction.
前款規(guī)定的禁區(qū)和限制區(qū)，依照國家規(guī)定劃定。
The prohibited area and restricted area specified in the preceding paragraph are defined in accordance with State regulations.
第七十九條 民用航空器不得飛越城市上空；但是，有下列情形之一的除外：
Article 79 No civil aircraft shall fly across the airspace over a city except in one of the following circumstances:
（一）起飛、降落或者指定的航路所必需的；
(1) It is necessary for takeoff, landing or specified air route;
（二）飛行高度足以使該航空器在發(fā)生緊急情況時離開城市上空，而不致危及地面上的人員、財產安全的；
(2) The flight altitude is high enough to permit the civil aircraft to leave the airspace over the city in the event of emergency without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface;
（三）按照國家規(guī)定的程序獲得批準的。
(3) The flight has been approved in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the State.
第八十條 飛行中，民用航空器不得投擲物品；但是，有下列情形之一的除外：
Article 80 Nothing shall be dropped or sprayed from a civil aircraft in flight except in one of the following circumstances:
（一）飛行安全所必需的；
(1) It is indispensable for flight safety; or
（二）執(zhí)行救助任務或者符合社會公共利益的其他飛行任務所必需的。
(2) It is indispensable for performing a rescue mission or other flight missions conforming to the public interest of the society.
第八十一條 民用航空器未經批準不得飛出中華人民共和國領空。
Article 81 No civil aircraft shall fly out of the territorial airspace of the People's Republic of China unless approved.
對未經批準正在飛離中華人民共和國領空的民用航空器，有關部門有權根據具體情況采取必要措施，予以制止。
Where a civil aircraft is leaving the airspace of the People's Republic of China without authorization, the department concerned has the right to take necessary measures to stop it in accordance with concrete conditions.
第三節(jié) 飛行保障
Section 3 Flight Support
第八十二條 空中交通管制單位應當為飛行中的民用航空器提供空中交通服務，包括空中交通管制服務、飛行情報服務和告警服務。
Article 82 An air traffic control unit shall provide air traffic services to civil aircraft in flight, including air traffic control service, flight information service and alerting service.
提供空中交通管制服務，旨在防止民用航空器同航空器、民用航空器同障礙物體相撞，維持并加速空中交通的有秩序的活動。
The purpose of providing air traffic control service is to prevent collisions between civil aircraft and aircraft, and between civil aircraft and obstacles, and maintain and expedite an orderly flow of air traffic.
提供飛行情報服務，旨在提供有助于安全和有效地實施飛行的情報和建議。
The purpose of providing flight information service is to provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights.
提供告警服務，旨在當民用航空器需要搜尋援救時，通知有關部門，并根據要求協(xié)助該有關部門進行搜尋援救。
The purpose of providing alerting service is to notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organizations as required.
第八十三條 空中交通管制單位發(fā)現(xiàn)民用航空器偏離指定航路、迷失航向時，應當迅速采取一切必要措施，使其回歸航路。
Article 83 In the event that an air traffic control unit discovers a civil aircraft deviated from its specified air route or lost its course, it shall rapidly take all necessary measures to enable the aircraft to regain course.
第八十四條 航路上應當設置必要的導航、通信、氣象和地面監(jiān)視設備。
Article 84 Necessary navigation, communication, meteorological and ground monitoring equipments shall be installed on the air route.
第八十五條 航路上影響飛行安全的自然障礙物體，應當在航圖上標明；
Article 85 The natural obstacles that affect flight safety on air route shall be marked on aeronautical charts;
航路上影響飛行安全的人工障礙物體，應當設置飛行障礙燈和標志，并使其保持正常狀態(tài)。
flight obstacle lights and marks shall be installed on man-made obstacles that affect flight safety on air route and shall be kept in normal condition.
第八十六條 在距離航路邊界三十公里以內的地帶，禁止修建靶場和其他可能影響飛行安全的設施；但是，平射輕武器靶場除外。
Article 86 The construction of a shooting range or other facilities that will possibly affect flight safety is prohibited within the area extending 30 kilometers from the edges of an air route, unless it is a shooting range for flat trajectory light weapon.
在前款規(guī)定地帶以外修建固定的或者臨時性對空發(fā)射場，應當按照國家規(guī)定獲得批準；對空發(fā)射場的發(fā)射方向，不得與航路交叉。
The construction of a fixed or temporary air shooting ground beyond the area prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be subject to approval according to relevant State regulations; the shooting direction of an air shooting range shall not intersect an air route.
第八十七條 任何可能影響飛行安全的活動，應當依法獲得批準，并采取確保飛行安全的必要措施，方可進行。
Article 87 Any activity that will possibly affect flight safety may be carried out only after being approved according to law with necessary measures being taken to ensure flight safety.
第八十八條 國務院民用航空主管部門應當依法對民用航空無線電臺和分配給民用航空系統(tǒng)使用的專用頻率實施管理。
Article 88 The competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall exercise control over civil aviation radio stations and the special frequencies assigned to be used by civil aviation system according to law.
任何單位或者個人使用的無線電臺和其他儀器、裝置，不得妨礙民用航空無線電專用頻率的正常使用。
No radio station or other instrument and device used by a unit or an individual shall hinder the normal use of civil aviation special radio frequencies.
對民用航空無線電專用頻率造成有害干擾的，有關單位或者個人應當迅速排除干擾；
Where harmful interference has been caused to civil aviation special radio frequencies, the unit or individual concerned shall rapidly remove such interference;
未排除干擾前，應當停止使用該無線電臺或者其他儀器、裝置。
the use of such radio station or other instrument and device shall be stopped before the removal of the interference.
第八十九條 郵電通信企業(yè)應當對民用航空電信傳遞優(yōu)先提供服務。
Article 89 The post and telecommunication enterprise shall give priority in service to civil aviation telecommunication transmission.
國家氣象機構應當對民用航空氣象機構提供必要的氣象資料。
The State meteorological organ shall provide necessary meteorological data to civil aviation meteorological organ.
第四節(jié) 飛行必備文件
Section 4 Essential document． for Flight
第九十條 從事飛行的民用航空器，應當攜帶下列文件：
Article 90 A civil aircraft engaged in flight operation shall carry the following document．:
（一）民用航空器國籍登記證書；
(1) Civil aircraft certificate of nationality registration;
（二）民用航空器適航證書；
(2) Civil aircraft certificate of airworthiness;
（三）機組人員相應的執(zhí)照；
(3) Appropriate licences for crew members;
（四）民用航空器航行記錄簿；
(4) Civil aircraft journey log book;
（五）裝有無線電設備的民用航空器，其無線電臺執(zhí)照；
(5) If the civil aircraft is equipped with radio apparatus, its radio station licence;
（六）載有旅客的民用航空器，其所載旅客姓名及其出發(fā)地點和目的地點的清單；
(6) If the civil aircraft carries passengers, a list of their names and places of embarkation and destination;
（七）載有貨物的民用航空器，其所載貨物的艙單和明細的申報單；
(7) If the civil aircraft carries cargo, a manifest and detailed declarations of the cargo; and
（八）根據飛行任務應當攜帶的其他文件。
(8) Other document． that should be carried according to the flight mission.
民用航空器未按規(guī)定攜帶前款所列文件的，國務院民用航空主管部門或者其授權的地區(qū)民用航空管理機構可以禁止該民用航空器起飛。
Where a civil aircraft fails to carry the document． as listed in the preceding paragraph according to regulations, the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council or the regional civil aviation administrative organ authorized by it may prohibit such civil aircraft to take off.
第八章 公共航空運輸企業(yè)
Chapter VIII Public Air Transport Enterprise
第九十一條 公共航空運輸企業(yè)，是指以營利為目的，使用民用航空器運送旅客、行李、郵件或者貨物的企業(yè)法人。
Article 91 Public air transport enterprise means a corporate enterprise engaged in the transport of passengers, baggage, mail or cargo with civil aircraft for the purpose of making profit.
第九十二條 設立公共航空運輸企業(yè)，應當向國務院民用航空主管部門申請領取經營許可證，并依法辦理工商登記；
Article 92 In establishing a public air transport enterprise, application shall be filed with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for operating licence, and registration with the administrative department for industry and commerce shall be performed according to law;
未取得經營許可證的，工商行政管理部門不得辦理工商登記。
where a public air transport enterprise fails to obtain operating licence, no registration shall be performed for such enterprise by the administrative department for industry and commerce.
第九十三條 設立公共航空運輸企業(yè)，應當具備下列條件：
Article 93 The establishment of a public air transport enterprise shall satisfy the following conditions:
（一）有符合國家規(guī)定的適應保證飛行安全要求的民用航空器；
(1) It has the civil aircraft conforming to the requirements of ensuring flight safety as stipulated by the State;
（二）有必需的依法取得執(zhí)照的航空人員；
(2) It has the necessary airmen who have been issued licences according to law;
（三）有不少于國務院規(guī)定的最低限額的注冊資本；
(3) It has the registered capital not less than the minimum limit prescribed by the State Council; and
（四）法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的其他條件。
(4) Other conditions prescribed by laws and administrative rules and regulations.
第九十四條 公共航空運輸企業(yè)的組織形式、組織機構適用公司法的規(guī)定。
Article 94 The provisions of the Company Law shall be applicable to the form of organization and institutional framework of public air transport enterprises.
本法施行前設立的公共航空運輸企業(yè)，其組織形式、組織機構不完全符合公司法規(guī)定的，可以繼續(xù)沿用原有的規(guī)定，適用前款規(guī)定的日期由國務院規(guī)定。
Where the form of organization and institutional framework of the public air transport enterprises established before the implementation of this Law do not completely conform to the provisions of the Company Law, original provisions can continue to be followed, and the date of the application of the provisions in the preceding paragraph shall be specified by the State Council.
第九十五條 公共航空運輸企業(yè)應當以保證飛行安全和航班正常，提供良好服務為準則，采取有效措施，提高運輸服務質量。
Article 95 A public air transport enterprise shall take the assurance of flight safety, the regularity of flight and the provision of good service as guiding principles, and take effective measures to improve transport service quality.
公共航空運輸企業(yè)應當教育和要求本企業(yè)職工嚴格履行職責，以文明禮貌、熱情周到的服務態(tài)度，認真做好旅客和貨物運輸的各項服務工作。
A public air transport enterprise shall educate and require its staff and workers to strictly perform their duties, and conscientiously accomplish the services of transporting passengers and cargo with refined manners and thoughtfulness.
旅客運輸航班延誤的，應當在機場內及時通告有關情況。
In the event of delay in passenger transport flight, relevant information shall be announced in time in the airport.
第九十六條 公共航空運輸企業(yè)申請經營定期航班運輸（以下簡稱航班運輸）的航線，暫停、終止經營航線，應當報經國務院民用航空主管部門批準。
Article 96 A public air transport enterprise shall apply to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for approval with respect to the air route to be operated for scheduled air services, and the suspension or termination of the operation of air route.
公共航空運輸企業(yè)經營航班運輸，應當公布班期時刻。
A public air transport enterprise operating scheduled air services shall have its timetable published.
第九十七條 公共航空運輸企業(yè)的營業(yè)收費項目，由國務院民用航空主管部門確定。
Article 97 The chargeable business items of a public air transport enterprise shall be determined by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
國內航空運輸的運價管理辦法，由國務院民用航空主管部門會同國務院物價主管部門制定，報國務院批準后執(zhí)行。
The measures for the control of tariff of domestic air transport shall be formulated jointly by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council and the competent authority of prices under the State Council, and shall be implemented after being approved by the State Council.
國際航空運輸運價的制定按照中華人民共和國政府與外國政府簽訂的協(xié)定、協(xié)議的規(guī)定執(zhí)行；
The tariff of international air transport shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the agreements signed between the Government of the People's Republic of China and foreign governments;
沒有協(xié)定、協(xié)議的，參照國際航空運輸市場價格制定運價，報國務院民用航空主管部門批準后執(zhí)行。
in the absence of any agreement, the tariff shall be formulated with reference to the market prices of international air transport, and shall be implemented after being approved by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
第九十八條 公共航空運輸企業(yè)從事不定期運輸，應當經國務院民用航空主管部門批準，并不得影響航班運輸的正常經營。
Article 98 The operation of non-scheduled air transport by a public air transport enterprise shall be subject to the approval of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council, provided that it shall not affect the normal operation of scheduled air transport.
第九十九條 公共航空運輸企業(yè)應當依照國務院制定的公共航空運輸安全保衛(wèi)規(guī)定，制定安全保衛(wèi)方案，并報國務院民用航空主管部門備案。
Article 99 A public air transport enterprise shall formulate a security plan in accordance with the public air transport security regulations formulated by the State Council, and report to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for the record.
第一百條 公共航空運輸企業(yè)不得運輸法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的禁運物品。
Article 100 No public air transport enterprise shall carry articles the transport of which is prohibited by the provisions of laws and administrative rules and regulations.
公共航空運輸企業(yè)未經國務院民用航空主管部門批準，不得運輸作戰(zhàn)軍火、作戰(zhàn)物資。
No public air transport enterprise shall carry munitions of war and implements of war unless approved by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
禁止旅客隨身攜帶法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的禁運物品乘坐民用航空器。
Passengers bringing on their persons articles the transport of which is prohibited by the provisions of laws and administrative rules and regulations are prohibited from flying in a civil aircraft.
第一百零一條 公共航空運輸企業(yè)運輸危險品，應當遵守國家有關規(guī)定。
Article 101 A public air transport enterprise shall observe the relevant regulations of the State in the transport of dangerous articles.
禁止以非危險品品名托運危險品。
The consigning of dangerous articles for shipment under the name of non-dangerous articles is prohibited.
禁止旅客隨身攜帶危險品乘坐民用航空器。除因執(zhí)行公務并按照國家規(guī)定經過批準外，禁止旅客攜帶槍支、管制刀具乘坐民用航空器。
Passengers bringing dangerous articles on their persons are prohibited from flying in a civil aircraft. Passengers bringing firearms or controlled knives are prohibited from flying in a civil aircraft unless they are performing official duties and approved in accordance with State regulations.
禁止違反國務院民用航空主管部門的規(guī)定將危險品作為行李托運。
The consigning of dangerous articles as baggage for shipment against the provisions stipulated by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council is prohibited.
危險品品名由國務院民用航空主管部門規(guī)定并公布。
The names of dangerous articles shall be prescribed and published by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
第一百零二條 公共航空運輸企業(yè)不得運輸拒絕接受安全檢查的旅客，不得違反國家規(guī)定運輸未經安全檢查的行李。
Article 102 No public air transport enterprise shall carry passengers who refused to accept security inspection, nor shall it carry baggage which have not gone through security inspection against State regulation.
公共航空運輸企業(yè)必須按照國務院民用航空主管部門的規(guī)定，對承運的貨物進行安全檢查或者采取其他保證安全的措施。
A public air transport enterprise must carry out security inspection or take other measures to ensure the security of the cargo it undertakes to transport in accordance with the provisions stipulated by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
第一百零三條 公共航空運輸企業(yè)從事國際航空運輸的民用航空器及其所載人員、行李、貨物應當接受邊防、海關、檢疫等主管部門的檢查；但是，檢查時應當避免不必要的延誤。
Article 103 The civil aircraft of a public air transport enterprise engaged in international air transport and the persons, baggage and cargo carried therein shall accept the inspection of such competent authorities as frontier inspection, customs and quarantine; provided that unnecessary delay shall be prevented at the time of inspection.
第一百零四條 公共航空運輸企業(yè)應當依照有關法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定優(yōu)先運輸郵件。
Article 104 A public air transport enterprise shall give priority to the transport of mail in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative rules and regulations.
第一百零五條 公共航空運輸企業(yè)應當投保地面第三人責任險。
Article 105 A public air transport enterprise shall be covered by insurance against liability for third parties on the surface.
第九章 公共航空運輸第一節(jié) 一般規(guī)定
Chapter IX Public Air Transport Section 1 Basic Principles
第一百零六條 本章適用于公共航空運輸企業(yè)使用民用航空器經營的旅客、行李或者貨物的運輸，包括公共航空運輸企業(yè)使用民用航空器辦理的免費運輸。
Article 106 This Chapter shall apply to the transport of persons, baggage, or cargo performed by the civil aircraft of public air transport enterprise, including the gratuitous transport performed by the civil aircraft of public air transport enterprise.
本章不適用于使用民用航空器辦理的郵件運輸。
This Chapter shall not apply to the transport of mail performed by civil aircraft.
對多式聯(lián)運方式的運輸，本章規(guī)定適用于其中的航空運輸部分。
The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to the part of transport by air in the case of multi-modal transport.
第一百零七條 本法所稱國內航空運輸，是指根據當事人訂立的航空運輸合同，運輸的出發(fā)地點、約定的經停地點和目的地點均在中華人民共和國境內的運輸。
Article 107 Domestic air transport referred to in this Chapter means any transport in which, according to the contract of transport by air between the parties, the place of departure, the place of destination and the agreed stopping place are all situated within the territory of the People's Republic of China.
本法所稱國際航空運輸，是指根據當事人訂立的航空運輸合同，無論運輸有無間斷或者有無轉運，運輸的出發(fā)地點、目的地點或者約定的經停地點之一不在中華人民共和國境內的運輸。
International air transport referred to in this Chapter means any transport in which, according to the contract of transport by air between the parties, the place of departure, the place of destination or the agreed stopping place, whether or not there be a break in the transport or a transhipment, is not situated within the territory of the People's Republic of China.
第一百零八條 航空運輸合同各方認為幾個連續(xù)的航空運輸承運人辦理的運輸是一項單一業(yè)務活動的，無論其形式是以一個合同訂立或者數個合同訂立，應當視為一項不可分割的運輸。
Article 108 Transport to be performed by several successive air carriers is deemed to be one undivided transport, if it has been regarded by the parties to the contract of transport by air as a single operation, whether it had been agreed upon under the form of a single contract or of a series of contracts.
第二節(jié) 運輸憑證
Section 2 Transport document．
第一百零九條 承運人運送旅客，應當出具客票。旅客乘坐民用航空器，應當交驗有效客票。
Article 109 For the transport of passengers the carrier shall deliver a passenger ticket. A passenger to travel in civil aircraft shall produce a valid passenger ticket for check.
第一百一十條 客票應當包括的內容由國務院民用航空主管部門規(guī)定，至少應當包括以下內容：
Article 110 The contents of a passenger ticket shall be prescribed by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council. A passenger ticket shall at least contain the following particulars:
（一）出發(fā)地點和目的地點；
(1) The place of departure and of destination;
（二）出發(fā)地點和目的地點均在中華人民共和國境內，而在境外有一個或者數個約定的經停地點的，至少注明一個經停地點；
(2) If the places of departure and destination are within the territory of the People's Republic of China, one or more agreed stopping places being outside the said territory, an indication of at least one such stopping place; and
（三）旅客航程的最終目的地點、出發(fā)地點或者約定的經停地點之一不在中華人民共和國境內，依照所適用的國際航空運輸公約的規(guī)定，應當在客票上聲明此項運輸適用該公約的，客票上應當載有該項聲明。
(3) If the ultimate destination, the place of departure or the agreed stopping place of the passenger's journey is not situated within the territory of the People's Republic of China, a notice indicating the international air transport convention applicable to such transport, in case such convention requires the inclusion of the notice in the passenger ticket.
第一百一十一條 客票是航空旅客運輸合同訂立和運輸合同條件的初步證據。
Article 111 The passenger ticket shall constitute prima facie evidence of the conclusion and conditions of the contract of transport of passenger by air.
旅客未能出示客票、客票不符合規(guī)定或者客票遺失，不影響運輸合同的存在或者有效。
The failure of the passenger to produce the passenger ticket, or the irregularity or loss of the passenger ticket does not affect the existence or validity of the contract of transport.
在國內航空運輸中，承運人同意旅客不經其出票而乘坐民用航空器的，承運人無權援用本法第一百二十八條有關賠償責任限制的規(guī)定。
In domestic air transport, if, with the consent of the carrier, the passenger embarks on a civil aircraft without a passenger ticket having been delivered, the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Article 128 of this Law concerning the limit of liability.
在國際航空運輸中，承運人同意旅客不經其出票而乘坐民用航空器的，或者客票上未依照本法第一百一十條第（三）項的規(guī)定聲明的，承運人無權援用本法第一百二十九條有關賠償責任限制的規(guī)定。
In international air transport, if, with the consent of the carrier, the passenger embarks on a civil aircraft without a passenger ticket having been delivered, or if the ticket does not include the notice required by sub-paragraph(3) of Article 110 of this Law, the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Article 129 of this Law concerning the limit of liability.
第一百一十二條 承運人載運托運行李時，行李票可以包含在客票之內或者與客票相結合。除本法第一百一十條的規(guī)定外，行李票還應當包括下列內容：
Article 112 In respect of the transport of checked baggage by a carrier, a baggage check may be combined with or incorporated in a passenger ticket. In addition to the provisions of Article 110 of this Law, a baggage check shall also include the following particulars:
（一）托運行李的件數和重量；
(1) The number of packages and weight of the baggage; and
（二）需要聲明托運行李在目的地點交付時的利益的，注明聲明金額。
(2) If a declaration of interest in delivery at destination of the checked baggage is required, indicate the sum of declared interest.
行李票是行李托運和運輸合同條件的初步證據。
The baggage check shall constitute prima facie evidence of the checking of the baggage and of the conditions of the contract of transport.
旅客未能出示行李票、行李票不符合規(guī)定或者行李票遺失，不影響運輸合同的存在或者有效。
The failure of the passenger to produce the baggage check, or the irregularity or loss of the baggage check does not affect the existence or validity of the contract of transport.
在國內航空運輸中，承運人載運托運行李而不出具行李票的，承運人無權援用本法第一百二十八條有關賠償責任限制的規(guī)定。
In domestic air transport, if the carrier carries the checked baggage without a baggage check having been delivered, he shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Article 128 of this Law concerning the limit of liability.
在國際航空運輸中，承運人載運托運行李而不出具行李票的，或者行李票上未依照本法第一百一十條第（三）項的規(guī)定聲明的，承運人無權援用本法第一百二十九條有關賠償責任限制的規(guī)定。
In international air transport, if the carrier carries the checked baggage without a baggage check having been delivered, or if the baggage check does not include the notice required by sub-paragraph(3) of Article 110 of this Law, the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Article 129 of this Law concerning the limit of liability.
第一百一十三條 承運人有權要求托運人填寫航空貨運單，托運人有權要求承運人接受該航空貨運單。
Article 113 The carrier has the right to require the shipper to make out an air waybill; a shipper has the right to require the carrier to accept the air waybill.
托運人未能出示航空貨運單、航空貨運單不符合規(guī)定或者航空貨運單遺失，不影響運輸合同的存在或者有效。
The failure of the shipper to produce the air waybill, or the irregularity or loss of the air waybill shall not affect the existence or validity of the contract of transport.
第一百一十四條 托運人應當填寫航空貨運單正本一式三份，連同貨物交給承運人。
Article 114 The air waybill shall be made out by the shipper in three original parts and be handed over to the carrier with the cargo.
航空貨運單第一份注明 交承運人 ，由托運人簽字、蓋章；第二份注明 交收貨人 ，由托運人和承運人簽字、蓋章；第三份由承運人在接受貨物后簽字、蓋章，交給托運人。
The first part of the air waybill shall be marked for the carrier and shall be signed and sealed by the shipper; the second part shall be marked for the consignee and shall be signed and sealed by both the shipper and the carrier; the third part shall be signed and sealed by the carrier and handed by him to the shipper after the cargo has been accepted.
承運人根據托運人的請求填寫航空貨運單的，在沒有相反證據的情況下，應當視為代托運人填寫。
If, at the request of the shipper, the carrier makes out the air waybill, he shall be deemed, subject to proof to the contrary, to have done so on behalf of the shipper.
第一百一十五條 航空貨運單應當包括的內容由國務院民用航空主管部門規(guī)定，至少應當包括以下內容：
Article 115 The contents of an air waybill shall be prescribed by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council. An air waybill shall at least contain the following particulars:
（一）出發(fā)地點和目的地點；
(1) The place of departure and of destination;
（二）出發(fā)地點和目的地點均在中華人民共和國境內，而在境外有一個或者數個約定的經停地點的，至少注明一個經停地點；
(2) If the places of departure and destination are within the territory of the People's Republic of China, one or more agreed stopping places being outside such territory, an indication of at least one such stopping place; and
（三）貨物運輸的最終目的地點、出發(fā)地點或者約定的經停地點之一不在中華人民共和國境內，依照所適用的國際航空運輸公約的規(guī)定，應當在貨運單上聲明此項運輸適用該公約的，貨運單上應當載有該項聲明。
(3) If the ultimate destination, the place of departure or the agreed stopping place of the cargo transport is not situated within the territory of the People's Republic of China, a notice indicating the international air transport convention applicable to such transport, in case such convention requires the inclusion of the notice in the air waybill.
第一百一十六條 在國內航空運輸中，承運人同意未經填具航空貨運單而載運貨物的，承運人無權援用本法第一百二十八條有關賠償責任限制的規(guī)定。
Article 116 In domestic air transport, if, with the consent of the carrier, cargo is carried without an air waybill having been made out, the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Article 128 of this Law concerning the limit of liability.
在國際航空運輸中，承運人同意未經填具航空貨運單而載運貨物的，或者航空貨運單上未依照本法第一百一十五條第（三）項的規(guī)定聲明的，承運人無權援用本法第一百二十九條有關賠償責任限制的規(guī)定。
In international air transport, if, with the consent of the carrier, cargo is carried without an air waybill having been made out, or if the air waybill does not include the notice required by sub-paragraph(3) of Article 115 of this Law, the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Article 129 of this Law concerning the limit of liability.
第一百一十七條 托運人應當對航空貨運單上所填關于貨物的說明和聲明的正確性負責。
Article 117 The shipper shall be responsible for the correctness of the particulars and statements relating to the cargo which he inserts in the air waybill.
因航空貨運單上所填的說明和聲明不符合規(guī)定、不正確或者不完全，給承運人或者承運人對之負責的其他人造成損失的，托運人應當承擔賠償責任。
The shipper shall indemnify the carrier against all damage suffered by him, or by any other person to whom the carrier is liable, by reason of the irregularity, incorrectness or incompleteness of the particulars and statements inserted in the air waybill.
第一百一十八條 航空貨運單是航空貨物運輸合同訂立和運輸條件以及承運人接受貨物的初步證據。
Article 118 The air waybill shall be prima facie evidence of the conclusion of the contract of transport of cargo by air, of the conditions of transport and of the receipt of the cargo by the carrier.
航空貨運單上關于貨物的重量、尺寸、包裝和包裝件數的說明具有初步證據的效力。
The statements in the air waybill relating to the weight, dimensions, and packing of the cargo, as well as those relating to the number of packages, shall be prima facie evidence of the facts stated.
除經過承運人和托運人當面查對并在航空貨運單上注明經過查對或者書寫關于貨物的外表情況的說明外，航空貨運單上關于貨物的數量、體積和情況的說明不能構成不利于承運人的證據。
Those relating to the quantity, volume, and conditions of the cargo shall not constitute evidence against the carrier except so far as they both have been and are stated in the air waybill to have been checked by him in the presence of the shipper, or relate to the apparent condition of the cargo.
第一百一十九條 托運人在履行航空貨物運輸合同規(guī)定的義務的條件下，有權在出發(fā)地機場或者目的地機場將貨物提回，或者在途中經停時中止運輸，或者在目的地點或者途中要求將貨物交給非航空貨運單上指定的收貨人，或者要求將貨物運回出發(fā)地機場；
Article 119 Subject to his liability to carry out all his obligations under the contract of transport of cargo by air, the shipper shall have the right to dispose of the cargo by withdrawing them at the airport of departure or destination, or by stopping them in the course of the journey on any landing, or by calling for them to be delivered at the place of destination, or in the course of the journey to a person other than the consignee named in the air waybill, or by requiring them to be returned to the airport of departure;
但是，托運人不得因行使此種權利而使承運人或者其他托運人遭受損失，并應當償付由此產生的費用。
provided that the shipper must not exercise this right of disposition in such a way as to prejudice the carrier or other shippers and he must repay any expenses occasioned by the exercise of this right.
托運人的指示不能執(zhí)行的，承運人應當立即通知托運人。
If it is impossible to carry out the orders of the shipper, the carrier must so inform him forthwith.
承運人按照托運人的指示處理貨物，沒有要求托運人出示其所收執(zhí)的航空貨運單，給該航空貨運單的合法持有人造成損失的，承運人應當承擔責任，但是不妨礙承運人向托運人追償。
If the carrier obeys the orders of the shipper for the disposition of the cargo without requiring the production of the part of the air waybill delivered to the latter, he will be liable, without prejudice to his right of recovery from the shipper, for any damage which may be caused thereby to any person who is lawfully in possession of that part of the air waybill.
收貨人的權利依照本法第一百二十條規(guī)定開始時，托運人的權利即告終止；
The right conferred on the shipper shall cease at the moment when that of the consignee begins in accordance with the provisions of Article 120 of this Law;
但是，收貨人拒絕接受航空貨運單或者貨物，或者承運人無法同收貨人聯(lián)系的，托運人恢復其對貨物的處置權。
provided that if the consignee declines to accept the air waybill or the cargo, or if he cannot be communicated with, the shipper shall resume his right of disposition.
第一百二十條 除本法第一百一十九條所列情形外，收貨人于貨物到達目的地點，并在繳付應付款項和履行航空貨運單上所列運輸條件后，有權要求承運人移交航空貨運單并交付貨物。
Article 120 Except in the circumstances set out in Article 119, the consignee shall be entitled, on arrival of the cargo at the place of destination, to require the carrier to hand over to him the air waybill and to deliver the cargo to him, on payment of the charges due and on complying with the conditions of transport set out in the air waybill.
除另有約定外，承運人應當在貨物到達后立即通知收貨人。
Unless it is otherwise agreed, it shall be the duty of the carrier to give notice to the consignee as soon as the cargo arrives.
承運人承認貨物已經遺失，或者貨物在應當到達之日起七日后仍未到達的，收貨人有權向承運人行使航空貨物運輸合同所賦予的權利。
If the carrier admits the loss of the cargo, or if the cargo has not arrived at the expiration of seven days after the date on which it ought to have arrived, the consignee shall be entitled to put into force against the carrier the rights which flow from the contract of transport of cargo by air.
第一百二十一條 托運人和收貨人在履行航空貨物運輸合同規(guī)定的義務的條件下，無論為本人或者他人的利益，可以以本人的名義分別行使本法第一百一十九條和第一百二十條所賦予的權利。
Article 121 The shipper and the consignee can respectively enforce all the rights given them by Articles 119 and 120 of this Law, each in his own name, whether he is acting in his own interest or in the interest of another, provided that he carries out the obligations imposed by the contract of transport of cargo by air.
第一百二十二條 本法第一百一十九條、第一百二十條和第一百二十一條的規(guī)定，不影響托運人同收貨人之間的相互關系，也不影響從托運人或者收貨人獲得權利的第三人之間的關系。
Article 122 The provisions of Articles 119, 120 and 121 of this Law shall not affect the relations of the shipper and the consignee with each other or the mutual relations of third parties whose right are derived either from the shipper or from the consignee.
任何與本法第一百一十九條、第一百二十條和第一百二十一條規(guī)定不同的合同條款，應當在航空貨運單上載明。
Any terms of the contract which are different from the provisions of Articles 119, 120 and 121 of this Law shall be expressly stated in the air waybill.
第一百二十三條 托運人應當提供必需的資料和文件，以便在貨物交付收貨人前完成法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的有關手續(xù)；
Article 123 The shipper shall furnish such information and document． as are necessary to meet the formalities provided by laws and administrative rules and regulations before the cargo can be delivered to the consignee.
因沒有此種資料、文件，或者此種資料、文件不充足或者不符合規(guī)定造成的損失，除由于承運人或者其受雇人、代理人的過錯造成的外，托運人應當對承運人承擔責任。
The shipper shall be liable to the carrier for any damage occasioned by the absence, insufficiency or irregularity of any such information or document．, unless the damage is due to the fault of the carrier, his servants or agents.
除法律、行政法規(guī)另有規(guī)定外，承運人沒有對前款規(guī)定的資料或者文件進行檢查的義務。
The carrier is under no obligation to check such information or document． unless otherwise provided by laws and administrative rules and regulations.
第三節(jié) 承運人的責任
Section 3 Liability of the Carrier
第一百二十四條 因發(fā)生在民用航空器上或者在旅客上、下民用航空器過程中的事件，造成旅客人身傷亡的，承運人應當承擔責任；
Article 124 The carrier shall be liable for the death or personal injury of a passenger, if the accident took place on board the civil aircraft or in the course of any of the operations of embarking on or disembarking from the civil aircraft;
但是，旅客的人身傷亡完全是由于旅客本人的健康狀況造成的，承運人不承擔責任。
provided that the carrier is not liable if the death or injury resulted solely from the state of health of the passenger.
第一百二十五條 因發(fā)生在民用航空器上或者在旅客上、下民用航空器過程中的事件，造成旅客隨身攜帶物品毀滅、遺失或者損壞的，承運人應當承擔責任。
Article 125 The carrier shall be liable for the destruction or loss of, or damage to, any carry-on articles of the passenger, if the occurrence took place on board the civil aircraft or in the course of any of the operations of embarking on or disembarking from the civil aircraft of the passenger.
因發(fā)生在航空運輸期間的事件，造成旅客的托運行李毀滅、遺失或者損壞的，承運人應當承擔責任。
The carrier shall be liable for the destruction or loss of, or damage to any checked baggage of the passenger, if the occurrence took place during the transport by air.
旅客隨身攜帶物品或者托運行李的毀滅、遺失或者損壞完全是由于行李本身的自然屬性、質量或者缺陷造成的，承運人不承擔責任。
The carrier shall not be liable for the destruction or loss of, or damage to, any carry-on articles or checked baggage of the passenger if such destruction or loss or damage resulted solely from the inherent defect, quality or vice of the baggage.
本章所稱行李，包括托運行李和旅客隨身攜帶的物品。
Baggage referred to in this Chapter includes both checked baggage and the carry-on articles of the passenger.
因發(fā)生在航空運輸期間的事件，造成貨物毀滅、遺失或者損壞的，承運人應當承擔責任；
The carrier shall be liable for the destruction or loss of, or damage to, any cargo if the occurrence took place during the transport by air;
但是，承運人證明貨物的毀滅、遺失或者損壞完全是由于下列原因之一造成的，不承擔責任：
provided that the carrier is not liable if he proves that the destruction or loss of, or damage to, the cargo resulted solely from one or more of the following:
（一）貨物本身的自然屬性、質量或者缺陷；
(1) Inherent defect, quality or vice of that cargo;
（二）承運人或者其受雇人、代理人以外的人包裝貨物的，貨物包裝不良；
(2) Defective packing of that cargo performed by a person other than the carrier or his servants or agents;
（三）戰(zhàn)爭或者武裝沖突；
(3) An act of war or an armed conflict; or
（四）政府有關部門實施的與貨物入境、出境或者過境有關的行為。
(4) An act of public authority carried out in connection with the entry, exit or transit of the cargo.
本條所稱航空運輸期間，是指在機場內、民用航空器上或者機場外降落的任何地點，托運行李、貨物處于承運人掌管之下的全部期間。
The period of the transport by air referred to in this Article means the whole period during which the checked baggage or cargo is in the charge of the carrier, whether in an airport or on board a civil aircraft, or, in the case of a landing outside the airport, in any place whatsoever.
航空運輸期間，不包括機場外的任何陸路運輸、海上運輸、內河運輸過程；
The period of the transport by air does not extend to any transport by land, by sea or by river performed outside an airport;
但是，此種陸路運輸、海上運輸、內河運輸是為了履行航空運輸合同而裝載、交付或者轉運，在沒有相反證據的情況下，所發(fā)生的損失視為在航空運輸期間發(fā)生的損失。
provided that if such transport is used for loading, delivery or transhipment for the performance of a contract of transport by air, any damage took place during such transport is presumed, subject to proof to the contrary, to have been the damage taken place during the period of transport by air.
第一百二十六條 旅客、行李或者貨物在航空運輸中因延誤造成的損失，承運人應當承擔責任；
Article 126 The carrier shall be liable for damage occasioned by delay in the transport by air of passengers, baggage or cargo;
但是，承運人證明本人或者其受雇人、代理人為了避免損失的發(fā)生，已經采取一切必要措施或者不可能采取此種措施的，不承擔責任。
provided that the carrier is not liable if he proved that he and his servants or agents have taken all necessary measures to avoid the damage or that is was impossible for him or them to take such measures.
第一百二十七條 在旅客、行李運輸中，經承運人證明，損失是由索賠人的過錯造成或者促成的，應當根據造成或者促成此種損失的過錯的程度，相應免除或者減輕承運人的責任。
Article 127 In the transport of passengers and baggage, if the carrier proves that the damage was caused by or contributed to by the fault of the claimant, the carrier may be wholly or partly exonerated from his liability in accordance with the extent of the fault that caused or contributed to such damage.
旅客以外的其他人就旅客死亡或者受傷提出賠償請求時，經承運人證明，死亡或者受傷是旅客本人的過錯造成或者促成的，同樣應當根據造成或者促成此種損失的過錯的程度，相應免除或者減輕承運人的責任。
Where a person other than the passenger claims compensation with respect to the death or injury of the passenger, the carrier may similarly be wholly or partly exonerated from his liability in accordance with the extent of the fault that caused or contributed to such damage, if the carrier proves that the death or injury was caused by or contributed to by the fault of the passenger himself.
在貨物運輸中，經承運人證明，損失是由索賠人或者代行權利人的過錯造成或者促成的，應當根據造成或者促成此種損失的過錯的程度，相應免除或者減輕承運人的責任。
In the transport of cargo, if the carrier proves that the damage was caused by or contributed to the fault of the person claiming compensation, or the person from whom he derived his right, the carrier shall be wholly or partly exonerated from his liability in accordance with the extent of the fault that caused or contributed to such damage.
第一百二十八條 國內航空運輸承運人的賠償責任限額由國務院民用航空主管部門制定，報國務院批準后公布執(zhí)行。
Article 128 The limits of carrier's liability in domestic air transport shall be formulated by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council and put in force after being approved by the State Council.
旅客或者托運人在交運托運行李或者貨物時，特別聲明在目的地點交付時的利益，并在必要時支付附加費的，除承運人證明旅客或者托運人聲明的金額高于托運行李或者貨物在目的地點交付時的實際利益外，承運人應當在聲明金額范圍內承擔責任；
If the passenger or the shipper has made, at the time when the checked baggage or cargo was handed over to the carrier, a special declaration of interest in delivery at destination and has paid a supplementary sum if the case so requires, the carrier shall be liable to pay a sum not exceeding the declared sum, unless he proves that the sum declared by the passenger or shipper is greater than the actual interest of the checked baggage or cargo in delivery at destination;
本法第一百二十九條的其他規(guī)定，除賠償責任限額外，適用于國內航空運輸。
the other provisions of Article 129 of this Law shall be applicable to domestic air transport except the limits of liability.
第一百二十九條 國際航空運輸承運人的賠償責任限額按照下列規(guī)定執(zhí)行：
Article 129 In international air transport, the liability of the carrier shall be as the following:
（一）對每名旅客的賠償責任限額為１６６００計算單位；但是，旅客可以同承運人書面約定高于本項規(guī)定的賠償責任限額。
(1) The liability of the carrier for each passenger is limited to the sum of 16600 units of account. Nevertheless, the passenger may agree with the carrier in writing to a limit of liability higher than that prescribed by this sub-paragraph;
（二）對托運行李或者貨物的賠償責任限額，每公斤為１７計算單位。旅客或者托運人在交運托運行李或者貨物時，特別聲明在目的地點交付時的利益，并在必要時支付附加費的，除承運人證明旅客或者托運人聲明的金額高于托運行李或者貨物在目的地點交付時的實際利益外，承運人應當在聲明金額范圍內承擔責任。
(2) The liability of the carrier for each kilogram of checked baggage or cargo is limited to a sum of 17 units of account. If the passenger or shipper has made, at the time when the package was handed over to the carrier, a special declaration of interest in delivery at destination and has paid a supplementary sum if the case so requires, the carrier shall be liable to pay a sum not exceeding the declared sum, unless he proves that the sum declared by the passenger or shipper is greater than the actual interest of the checked baggage or cargo in delivery at destination.
托運行李或者貨物的一部分或者托運行李、貨物中的任何物件毀滅、遺失、損壞或者延誤的，用以確定承運人賠償責任限額的重量，僅為該一包件或者數包件的總重量；
In the case of destruction, loss, damage or delay of a part of checked baggage or cargo, or of any object contained therein, the weight to be taken into consideration in determining the amount to which the carrier's liability is limited shall only be the total weight of the package or packages concerned.
但是，因托運行李或者貨物的一部分或者托運行李、貨物中的任何物件的毀滅、遺失、損壞或者延誤，影響同一份行李票或者同一份航空貨運單所列其他包件的價值的，確定承運人的賠償責任限額時，此種包件的總重量也應當考慮在內。
Nevertheless, when the destruction, loss, damage or delay of a part of the checked baggage or cargo, or of an object contained therein, affects the value of other packages covered by the same baggage check or the same air waybill, the total weight of such package or packages shall also be taken into consideration in determining the limit of liability of the carrier.
（三）對每名旅客隨身攜帶的物品的賠償責任限額為３３２計算單位。
(3) The liability of the carrier for carry-on baggage of a passenger is limited to 332 units of account per passenger.
第一百三十條 任何旨在免除本法規(guī)定的承運人責任或者降低本法規(guī)定的賠償責任限額的條款，均屬無效；但是，此種條款的無效，不影響整個航空運輸合同的效力。
Article 130 Any provision tending to relieve the carrier of the liability prescribed by this Law or to fix a lower limit than that which is laid down in this Law shall be null and void, but the nullity of any such provision shall not involve the nullity of the whole contract of transport by air.
第一百三十一條 有關航空運輸中發(fā)生的損失的訴訟，不論其根據如何，只能依照本法規(guī)定的條件和賠償責任限額提出，但是不妨礙誰有權提起訴訟以及他們各自的權利。
Article 131 Any action for damage occurred in air transport, however founded, can only be brought subject to the conditions and limits of liability set out in this Law, without prejudice to the question as to who are the persons who have the right to bring suit and what are their respective rights.
第一百三十二條 經證明，航空運輸中的損失是由于承運人或者其受雇人、代理人的故意或者明知可能造成損失而輕率地作為或者不作為造成的，承運人無權援用本法第一百二十八條、第一百二十九條有關賠償責任限制的規(guī)定；
Article 132 The carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Articles 128 and 129 of this Law concerning the limit of liability if it is proved that the damage in the air transport resulted from an act or omission of the carrier, his servants or agents, done with intent to cause damage or recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result;
證明承運人的受雇人、代理人有此種作為或者不作為的，還應當證明該受雇人、代理人是在受雇、代理范圍內行事。
provided that, in the case of such act or omission of a servant or agent of the carrier, it is also proved that he was acting within the scope of his employment.
第一百三十三條 就航空運輸中的損失向承運人的受雇人、代理人提起訴訟時，該受雇人、代理人證明他是在受雇、代理范圍內行事的，有權援用本法第一百二十八條、第一百二十九條有關賠償責任限制的規(guī)定。
Article 133 If an action is brought against a servant or agent of the carrier arising out of damage during air transport, such servant or agent, if it proves that he acted within the scope of his employment, shall be entitled to avail himself of the limits of liability as provided in Articles 128 and 129 of this Law.
在前款規(guī)定情形下，承運人及其受雇人、代理人的賠償總額不得超過法定的賠償責任限額。
The aggregate of the amounts recoverable from the carrier, his servants and agents, in the case provided in the preceding paragraph, shall not exceed the legal limits of liability.
經證明，航空運輸中的損失是由于承運人的受雇人、代理人的故意或者明知可能造成損失而輕率地作為或者不作為造成的，不適用本條第一款和第二款的規(guī)定。
The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall not apply if it is proved that the damage in air transport resulted from an act or omission of the servant or agent of the carrier done with intent to cause damage or recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result.
第一百三十四條 旅客或者收貨人收受托運行李或者貨物而未提出異議，為托運行李或者貨物已經完好交付并與運輸憑證相符的初步證據。
Article 134 Receipt by the passenger of checked baggage or receipt of cargo by the consignee without complaint shall be prima facie evidence that the same have been delivered in good condition and in accordance with the document．nbspof transport.
托運行李或者貨物發(fā)生損失的，旅客或者收貨人應當在發(fā)現(xiàn)損失后向承運人提出異議。托運行李發(fā)生損失的，至遲應當自收到托運行李之日起七日內提出；貨物發(fā)生損失的，至遲應當自收到貨物之日起十四日內提出。
In the case of damage to checked baggage or cargo, the passenger or consignee must complain to the carrier forthwith after the discovery of the damage, and at the latest, within seven days from the date of receipt in the case of checked baggage and fourteen days from the date of receipt in the case of cargo.
托運行李或者貨物發(fā)生延誤的，至遲應當自托運行李或者貨物交付旅客或者收貨人處置之日起二十一日內提出。
In the case of delay the complaint must be made at the latest within twenty-one days from the date on which the checked baggage or cargo have been placed at the disposition of the passenger or consignee.
任何異議均應當在前款規(guī)定的期間內寫在運輸憑證上或者另以書面提出。
Every complaint must be made in writing upon the document．nbspof transport or by separate notice dispatched within the periods prescribed in the preceding paragraph.
除承運人有欺詐行為外，旅客或者收貨人未在本條第二款規(guī)定的期間內提出異議的，不能向承運人提出索賠訴訟。
Failing complaint within the periods provided in paragraph 2 of this Article, the passenger or consignee shall be deprived of the right to claim compensation from the carrier, save in the case of fraud on the part of the carrier.
第一百三十五條 航空運輸的訴訟時效期間為二年，自民用航空器到達目的地點、應當到達目的地點或者運輸終止之日起計算。
Article 135 The time for bringing up an action concerning air transport is limited to two years, reckoned from the date of arrival of civil aircraft at the destination, or from the date on which the civil aircraft ought to have arrived, or from the date on which the transport stopped.
第一百三十六條 由幾個航空承運人辦理的連續(xù)運輸，接受旅客、行李或者貨物的每一個承運人應當受本法規(guī)定的約束，并就其根據合同辦理的運輸區(qū)段作為運輸合同的訂約一方。
Article 136 In the case of transport to be performed by various successive carriers, each carrier who accepts passengers, baggage or cargo shall be subject to the provisions of this Law, and shall be deemed to be one of the contracting parties to the contract of transport in so far as that part of the transport is concerned which is performed by it in accordance with the contract.
對前款規(guī)定的連續(xù)運輸，除合同明文約定第一承運人應當對全程運輸承擔責任外，旅客或者其繼承人只能對發(fā)生事故或者延誤的運輸區(qū)段的承運人提起訴訟。
In the case of transport of this nature, the passenger or his successor can take action only against the carrier who performed the part of transport during which the accident or the delay occurred, save in the case where, by express agreement, the first carrier shall assume liability for the whole journey.
托運行李或者貨物的毀滅、遺失、損壞或者延誤，旅客或者托運人有權對第一承運人提起訴訟，旅客或者收貨人有權對最后承運人提起訴訟，旅客、托運人和收貨人均可以對發(fā)生毀滅、遺失、損壞或者延誤的運輸區(qū)段的承運人提起訴訟。
As regards checked baggage or cargo, the passenger or shipper shall have the right of action against the first carrier, and the passenger or consignee shall have the right of action against the last carrier, and further, each may take action against the carrier who performed the part of transport during which the destruction, loss, damage, or delay took place.
上述承運人應當對旅客、托運人或者收貨人承擔連帶責任。
These carriers shall be jointly and severally liable to the passenger or to the shipper or consignee.
第四節(jié) 實際承運人履行航空運輸的特別規(guī)定
Section 4 Special Provisions Governing Air Transport Performed by Ac Carrier
第一百三十七條 本節(jié)所稱締約承運人，是指以本人名義與旅客或者托運人，或者與旅客或者托運人的代理人，訂立本章調整的航空運輸合同的人。
Article 137 Contracting carrier referred to in this Section means any person who has concluded a contract of transport by air subject to the regulations of this Chapter in his own name with a passenger or a shipper, or with the agent of a passenger or of a shipper.
本節(jié)所稱實際承運人，是指根據締約承運人的授權，履行前款全部或者部分運輸的人，不是指本章規(guī)定的連續(xù)承運人；
Actual carrier referred to in this Section means any person to whom the performance of the whole or part of the transport referred to in the preceding paragraph has been authorized by the contracting carrier, and who is not the successive carrier as provided in this Chapter;
在沒有相反證明時，此種授權被認為是存在的。
in the absence of a proof to the contrary, such authorization is deemed to be in existence.
第一百三十八條 除本節(jié)另有規(guī)定外，締約承運人和實際承運人都應當受本章規(guī)定的約束。締約承運人應當對合同約定的全部運輸負責。
Article 138 Both the contracting carrier and the actual carrier shall, except as otherwise provided in this Section, be subject to the provisions of this Chapter. The contracting carrier shall be responsible for the whole of the transport contemplated in the contract.
實際承運人應當對其履行的運輸負責。
The actual carrier shall be responsible for the transport which he performs.
第一百三十九條 實際承運人的作為和不作為，實際承運人的受雇人、代理人在受雇、代理范圍內的作為和不作為，關系到實際承運人履行的運輸的，應當視為締約承運人的作為和不作為。
Article 139 The acts and omissions of an actual carrier and of his servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment shall, in relation to the transport performed by the actual carrier, be deemed to be also those of the contracting carrier.
締約承運人的作為和不作為，締約承運人的受雇人、代理人在受雇、代理范圍內的作為和不作為，關系到實際承運人履行的運輸的，應當視為實際承運人的作為和不作為；
The acts and omissions of the contracting carrier and of his servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment shall, in relation to the transport performed by the actual carrier, be deemed to be also those of the actual carrier.
但是，實際承運人承擔的責任不因此種作為或者不作為而超過法定的賠償責任限額。
Nevertheless, no such act or omission shall subject the actual carrier to liability exceeding the legal limits.
任何有關締約承運人承擔本章未規(guī)定的義務或者放棄本章賦予的權利的特別協(xié)議，或者任何有關依照本法第一百二十八條、第一百二十九條規(guī)定所作的在目的地點交付時利益的特別聲明，除經實際承運人同意外，均不得影響實際承運人。
Any special agreement under which the contracting carrier concerned assumes obligations not imposed by this Chapter or waives the rights conferred by this Chapter or any special declaration of interest in delivery at destination contemplated in Articles 128 and 129 of this Law, shall not affect the actual carrier unless agreed by him.
第一百四十條 依照本章規(guī)定提出的索賠或者發(fā)出的指示，無論是向締約承運人還是向實際承運人提出或者發(fā)出的，具有同等效力；
Article 140 Any claim to be made or order to be given under the provisions of this Chapter shall have equal effect whether addressed to the contracting carrier or to the actual carrier.
但是，本法第一百一十九條規(guī)定的指示，只在向締約承運人發(fā)出時，方有效。
Nevertheless, orders referred to in Article 119 of this Law shall only be effective if addressed to the contracting carrier.
第一百四十一條 實際承運人的受雇人、代理人或者締約承運人的受雇人、代理人，證明他是在受雇、代理范圍內行事的，就實際承運人履行的運輸而言，有權援用本法第一百二十八條、第一百二十九條有關賠償責任限制的規(guī)定，但是依照本法規(guī)定不得援用賠償責任限制規(guī)定的除外。
Article 141 In relation to the transport performed by the actual carrier, any servant or agent of that carrier or of the contracting carrier shall, if he proves that he acted within the scope of his employment, be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Articles 128 and 129 of this Law concerning the limits of liability, unless he acted in a manner which, under the provisions of this Law, prevents the limits of liability from being invoked.
第一百四十二條 對于實際承運人履行的運輸，實際承運人、締約承運人以及他們的在受雇、代理范圍內行事的受雇人、代理人的賠償總額不得超過依照本法得以從締約承運人或者實際承運人獲得賠償的最高數額；但是，其中任何人都不承擔超過對他適用的賠償責任限額。
Article 142 In relation to the transport performed by the actual carrier, the aggregate of the amounts recoverable from that carrier and the contracting carrier, and from their servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment, shall not exceed the highest amount which could be awarded against either the contracting carrier or the actual carrier under this Law, but none of the persons mentioned shall be liable for a sum in excess of the limit of liability applicable to him.
第一百四十三條 對實際承運人履行的運輸提起的訴訟，可以分別對實際承運人或者締約承運人提起，也可以同時對實際承運人和締約承運人提起；
Article 143 In relation to the transport performed by the actual carrier, an action may be brought against that carrier or the contracting carrier separately, or against both together;
被提起訴訟的承運人有權要求另一承運人參加應訴。
the carrier against whom an action has been brought shall have the right to require the other carrier to join in the proceedings.
第一百四十四條 除本法第一百四十三條規(guī)定外，本節(jié)規(guī)定不影響實際承運人和締約承運人之間的權利、義務。
Article 144 Except as provided in Article 143 of this Law, nothing in this Section shall affect the rights and obligations between the actual carrier and the contracting carrier.
第十章 通用航空
Chapter X General Aviation
第一百四十五條 通用航空，是指使用民用航空器從事公共航空運輸以外的民用航空活動，包括從事工業(yè)、農業(yè)、林業(yè)、漁業(yè)和建筑業(yè)的作業(yè)飛行以及醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、搶險救災、氣象探測、海洋監(jiān)測、科學實驗、教育訓練、文化體育等方面的飛行活動。
Article 145 General aviation means civil aviation operations other than public air transport with civil aircraft, including aerial work in the fields of industry, agriculture, forestry, fishery and building industry, and flight operations in the fields of medical and health work, emergency and disaster relief, meteorological service, ocean monitoring, scientific experiment, education and training, culture and sports.
第一百四十六條 從事通用航空活動，應當具備下列條件：
Article 146 The operation of general aviation shall satisfy the following conditions:
（一）有與所從事的通用航空活動相適應，符合保證飛行安全要求的民用航空器；
(1) The availability of civil aircraft suitable to the general aviation activities to be operated and conforming to the requirements of ensuring flight safety;
（二）有必需的依法取得執(zhí)照的航空人員；
(2) The availability of necessary airmen who have been issued licences according to law; and
（三）符合法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的其他條件。
(3) Other conditions conforming to the provisions of laws and administrative rules and regulations.
從事經營性通用航空，限于企業(yè)法人。
The operation of general aviation for commercial purposes is limited to corporate enterprises.
第一百四十七條 從事非經營性通用航空的，應當向國務院民用航空主管部門辦理登記。
Article 147 Those engaged in general aviation operations not for commercial purposes shall register with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.
從事經營性通用航空的，應當向國務院民用航空主管部門申請領取通用航空經營許可證，并依法辦理工商登記；未取得經營許可證的，工商行政管理部門不得辦理工商登記。
Those engaged in general aviation operations for commercial purposes shall apply to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for general aviation operating licences, and register with the administrative department for industry and commerce according to law; no registration shall be performed by the administrative department for industry and commerce for those that failed to obtain operating licences.
第一百四十八條 通用航空企業(yè)從事經營性通用航空活動，應當與用戶訂立書面合同，但是緊急情況下的救護或者救災飛行除外。
Article 148 A general aviation enterprise engaged in general aviation operations for commercial purposes shall enter into agreement in writing with users with the exception of rescue or disaster relief operations under emergent circumstances.
第一百四十九條 組織實施作業(yè)飛行時，應當采取有效措施，保證飛行安全，保護環(huán)境和生態(tài)平衡，防止對環(huán)境、居民、作物或者牲畜等造成損害。
Article 149 In organizing and carrying out aerial work, effective measures shall be taken to ensure flight safety, protect environment and ecological balance and prevent damage to be caused to environment, residents, crops or livestock.
第一百五十條 從事通用航空活動的，應當投保地面第三人責任險。
Article 150 Those engaged in general aviation operations shall be covered by insurance against liability for third parties on the surface.
第十一章 搜尋援救和事故調查
Chapter XI Search and Rescue and Accident Investigation
第一百五十一條 民用航空器遇到緊急情況時，應當發(fā)送信號，并向空中交通管制單位報告，提出援救請求；空中交通管制單位應當立即通知搜尋援救協(xié)調中心。
Article 151 A civil aircraft in emergency shall flash signals and report to air traffic control unit to request rescue; the air traffic control unit shall notify immediately the search and rescue coordination centre.
民用航空器在海上遇到緊急情況時，還應當向船舶和國家海上搜尋援救組織發(fā)送信號。
A civil aircraft in emergency on the sea shall also flash signals to vessels and national maritime search and rescue service.
第一百五十二條 發(fā)現(xiàn)民用航空器遇到緊急情況或者收聽到民用航空器遇到緊急情況的信號的單位或者個人，應當立即通知有關的搜尋援救協(xié)調中心、海上搜尋援救組織或者當地人民政府。
Article 152 Any unit or person observing or listening in to the emergency of a civil aircraft shall immediately notify the search and rescue coordination centre concerned, the maritime search and rescue service concerned or the local People's Government.
第一百五十三條 收到通知的搜尋援救協(xié)調中心、地方人民政府和海上搜尋援救組織，應當立即組織搜尋援救。
Article 153 Upon receiving the notification, the search and rescue coordination centre, the local People's Government and the maritime search and rescue service shall immediately organize the search and rescue operation.
收到通知的搜尋援救協(xié)調中心，應當設法將已經采取的搜尋援救措施通知遇到緊急情況的民用航空器。
The search and rescue coordination centre which has received the notice shall manage to notify the civil aircraft in emergency of the search and rescue measures already taken.
搜尋援救民用航空器的具體辦法，由國務院規(guī)定。
The specific measures for searching and rescuing civil aircraft shall be formulated by the State Council.
第一百五十四條 執(zhí)行搜尋援救任務的單位或者個人，應當盡力搶救民用航空器所載人員，按照規(guī)定對民用航空器采取搶救措施并保護現(xiàn)場，保存證據。
Article 154 The unit or person performing search and rescue mission shall do their best to rescue the persons carried in the civil aircraft, and take measures to rescue the civil aircraft, protect the scene of accident and preserve evidences according to regulations.
第一百五十五條 民用航空器事故的當事人以及有關人員在接受調查時，應當如實提供現(xiàn)場情況和與事故有關的情節(jié)。
Article 155 The parties to an accident of civil aircraft and persons concerned shall, at the time of investigation, truthfully reflect the situation at the scene of accident and other information concerning the accident.
第一百五十六條 民用航空器事故調查的組織和程序，由國務院規(guī)定。
Article 156 The organization and procedures of the investigation of civil aircraft accident shall be prescribed by the State Council.
第十二章 對地面第三人損害的賠償責任
Chapter XII Liability for Damage to Third Parties on the Surface
第一百五十七條 因飛行中的民用航空器或者從飛行中的民用航空器上落下的人或者物，造成地面（包括水面，下同）上的人身傷亡或者財產損害的，受害人有權獲得賠償；
Article 157 Any person on the surface(including water surface, the same below) who suffers death or personal injury or damage to property caused by a civil aircraft in flight or by any person or thing falling therefrom shall be entitled to compensation.
但是，所受損害并非造成損害的事故的直接后果，或者所受損害僅是民用航空器依照國家有關的空中交通規(guī)則在空中通過造成的，受害人無權要求賠償。
Nevertheless, the person suffers damage shall have no right to compensation if the damage is not a direct consequence of the incident giving rise thereto, or if the damage results from the mere fact of passage of the civil aircraft through the airspace in conformity with air traffic regulations concerned of the State.
前款所稱飛行中，是指自民用航空器為實際起飛而使用動力時起至著陸沖程終了時止；
The term in flight mentioned in the preceding paragraph means the period beginning from the moment when power is applied by a civil aircraft for the purpose of actual takeoff until the moment when the landing run ends.
就輕于空氣的民用航空器而言，飛行中是指自其離開地面時起至其重新著地時止。
In the case of a civil aircraft lighter than air, the expression in flight relates to the period from the moment when it becomes detached from the surface until it becomes again attached thereto.
第一百五十八條 本法第一百五十七條規(guī)定的賠償責任，由民用航空器的經營人承擔。
Article 158 The liability for compensation contemplated by Article 157 of this Law shall attach to the operator of the civil aircraft.
前款所稱經營人，是指損害發(fā)生時使用民用航空器的人。民用航空器的使用權已經直接或者間接地授予他人，本人保留對該民用航空器的航行控制權的，本人仍被視為經營人。
The term operator mentioned in the preceding paragraph means the person who was making use of the civil aircraft at the time the damage was caused. However, if the control of the navigation of the civil aircraft was retained by the person from whom the right to make use of the civil aircraft was derived, whether directly or indirectly, that person shall still be considered the operator.
經營人的受雇人、代理人在受雇、代理過程中使用民用航空器，無論是否在其受雇、代理范圍內行事，均視為經營人使用民用航空器。
The operator shall be considered to be making use of a civil aircraft when his servants or agents are using the civil aircraft in the course of their employment, whether or not within the scope of their authority.
民用航空器登記的所有人應當被視為經營人，并承擔經營人的責任；除非在判定其責任的訴訟中，所有人證明經營人是他人，并在法律程序許可的范圍內采取適當措施使該人成為訴訟當事人之一。
The registered owner of the civil aircraft shall be presumed to be the operator and shall be liable as such unless, in the proceedings for the determination of his liability, he proves that some other person was the operator and, in so far as legal procedures permit, takes appropriate measures to make that other person a party in the proceedings.
第一百五十九條 未經對民用航空器有航行控制權的人同意而使用民用航空器，對地面第三人造成損害的，有航行控制權的人除證明本人已經適當注意防止此種使用外，應當與該非法使用人承擔連帶責任。
Article 159 If a person makes use of a civil aircraft without the consent of the person entitled to its navigational control and caused a damage to third parties on the surface, the person entitled to the navigation control, unless he proves that he has exercised due care to prevent such use, shall be jointly and severally liable with the unlawful user.
第一百六十條 損害是武裝沖突或者騷亂的直接后果，依照本章規(guī)定應當承擔責任的人不承擔責任。
Article 160 Any person who would otherwise be liable under the provisions of this Chapter shall not be liable if the damage is the direct consequence of armed conflict or civil disturbance.
依照本章規(guī)定應當承擔責任的人對民用航空器的使用權業(yè)經國家機關依法剝奪的，不承擔責任。
Any person who would otherwise be liable under the provision of this Chapter shall not be liable if such person has been deprived of the right to use the civil aircraft by the public authority according to law.
第一百六十一條 依照本章規(guī)定應當承擔責任的人證明損害是完全由于受害人或者其受雇人、代理人的過錯造成的，免除其賠償責任；
Article 161 Any person who would otherwise be liable under the provisions of this Chapter shall be exonerated from the liability for damage if he proves that the damage was caused solely by the fault of the person who suffers the damage or of the latter's servants or agents.
應當承擔責任的人證明損害是部分由于受害人或者其受雇人、代理人的過錯造成的，相應減輕其賠償責任。
If the person liable proves that the damage was contributed to by the fault of the person who suffers the damage, or of his servants or agents, the compensation shall be reduced to the extent to which such fault contributed to the damage.
但是，損害是由于受害人的受雇人、代理人的過錯造成時，受害人證明其受雇人、代理人的行為超出其所授權的范圍的，不免除或者不減輕應當承擔責任的人的賠償責任。
Nevertheless, there shall be no such exoneration or reduction if, in the case of the fault of a servant or agent, the person who suffers the damage proves that his servant or agent was acting outside the scope of his authority.
一人對另一人的死亡或者傷害提起訴訟，請求賠償時，損害是該另一人或者其受雇人、代理人的過錯造成的，適用前款規(guī)定。
Where an action is brought by one person to recover the damage arising from the death or injury of another person, and the damage was caused by the fault of such other person, or of his servants or agents, the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply.
第一百六十二條 兩個以上的民用航空器在飛行中相撞或者相擾，造成本法第一百五十七條規(guī)定的應當賠償的損害，或者兩個以上的民用航空器共同造成此種損害的，各有關民用航空器均應當被認為已經造成此種損害，各有關民用航空器的經營人均應當承擔責任。
Article 162 When two or more civil aircraft have collided or interfered with each other in flight and damage for which a right to compensation as contemplated in Article 157 of this Law results, or when two or more civil aircraft have jointly caused such damage, each of the civil aircraft concerned shall be considered to have caused the damage and the operator of each civil aircraft shall be liable.
第一百六十三條 本法第一百五十八條第四款和第一百五十九條規(guī)定的人，享有依照本章規(guī)定經營人所能援用的抗辯權。
Article 163 The persons referred to in paragraph 4 of Article 158 and Article 159 of this Law shall be entitled to all defences which are available to an operator under the provisions of this Chapter.
第一百六十四條 除本章有明確規(guī)定外，經營人、所有人和本法第一百五十九條規(guī)定的應當承擔責任的人，以及他們的受雇人、代理人，對于飛行中的民用航空器或者從飛行中的民用航空器上落下的人或者物造成的地面上的損害不承擔責任，但是故意造成此種損害的人除外。
Article 164 Neither the operator, the owner, any person liable under Article 159 of this Law, nor their respective servants or agents, shall be liable for damage on the surface caused by a civil aircraft in flight or any person or thing falling therefrom otherwise than as expressly provided in this Chapter, except any such person who has caused the damage deliberately.
第一百六十五條 本章不妨礙依照本章規(guī)定應當對損害承擔責任的人向他人追償的權利。
Article 165 Nothing in this Chapter shall prejudice the question whether a person liable for damage in accordance with its provisions has a right of recourse against any other person.
第一百六十六條 民用航空器的經營人應當投保地面第三人責任險或者取得相應的責任擔保。
Article 166 The operator of a civil aircraft shall be covered by insurance against liability for third parties on the surface or obtain corresponding guarantee.
第一百六十七條 保險人和擔保人除享有與經營人相同的抗辯權，以及對偽造證件進行抗辯的權利外，對依照本章規(guī)定提出的賠償請求只能進行下列抗辯：
Article 167 The insurer or the guarantor may, in addition to the defences available to the operator, and the defence of forgery, set up only the following defences against claims brought up in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter:
（一）損害發(fā)生在保險或者擔保終止有效后；然而保險或者擔保在飛行中期滿的，該項保險或者擔保在飛行計劃中所載下一次降落前繼續(xù)有效，但是不得超過二十四小時；
(1) That the damage occurred after the insurance or guarantee ceased to be effective. However, if the insurance or guarantee expires during a flight, it should be continued in force until the next landing specified in the flight plan, but no longer than twenty-four hours; and
（二）損害發(fā)生在保險或者擔保所指定的地區(qū)范圍外，除非飛行超出該范圍是由于不可抗力、援助他人所必需，或者駕駛、航行或者領航上的差錯造成的。
(2) That the damage occurred outside the territorial limits provided by the insurance or guarantee, unless flight outside of such limits was caused by force majeure, assistance justified by the circumstances or an error in piloting, operation or navigation.
前款關于保險或者擔保繼續(xù)有效的規(guī)定，只在對受害人有利時適用。
The continuation in force of the insurance and guarantee under the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply only for the benefit of the person suffering damage.
第一百六十八條 僅在下列情形下，受害人可以直接對保險人或者擔保人提起訴訟，但是不妨礙受害人根據有關保險合同或者擔保合同的法律規(guī)定提起直接訴訟的權利：
Article 168 Without prejudice to any right of direct action which the person suffering damage may have under the law governing the contract of insurance or guarantee, such person may bring a direct action against the insurer or guarantor only in the following cases:
（一）根據本法第一百六十七條第（一）項、第（二）項規(guī)定，保險或者擔保繼續(xù)有效的；（二）經營人破產的。
(1) Where the insurance or guarantee is continued in force under the provisions of sub-paragraphs(1) and(2) of Article 167 of this Law; and(2) The bankruptcy of the operator.
除本法第一百六十七條第一款規(guī)定的抗辯權，保險人或者擔保人對受害人依照本章規(guī)定提起的直接訴訟不得以保險或者擔保的無效或者追溯力終止為由進行抗辯。
Excepting the defences specified in paragraph 1 of Article 167 of this Law, the insurer or guarantor may not, with respect to direct actions brought by the person suffering damage in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter, avail himself of any ground of nullity of the insurance or guarantee or any right of retroactive cancellation in setting up defences.
第一百六十九條 依照本法第一百六十六條規(guī)定提供的保險或者擔保，應當被專門指定優(yōu)先支付本章規(guī)定的賠償。
Article 169 If insurance or guarantee is furnished in accordance with Article 166 of this Law, it shall be specifically and preferentially assigned to payment of claims under this Chapter.
第一百七十條 保險人應當支付給經營人的款項，在本章規(guī)定的第三人的賠償請求未滿足前，不受經營人的債權人的扣留和處理。
Article 170 Any sum due to an operator from an insurer shall be exempt from seizure and execution by creditors of the operator until claims of third parties under this Chapter have been satisfied.
第一百七十一條 地面第三人損害賠償的訴訟時效期間為二年，自損害發(fā)生之日起計算；但是，在任何情況下，時效期間不得超過自損害發(fā)生之日起三年。
Article 171 Actions concerning indemnity for damage to third parties on the surface shall be subject to a period of limitation of two years from the date of the incident which caused the damage; but in any case such period shall not go beyond a period of three years from the date of the incident which caused the damage.
第一百七十二條 本章規(guī)定不適用于下列損害：
Article 172 The provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to the following damage:
（一）對飛行中的民用航空器或者對該航空器上的人或者物造成的損害；
(1) The damage caused to a civil aircraft in flight, or to persons or cargo on board such aircraft;
（二）為受害人同經營人或者同發(fā)生損害時對民用航空器有使用權的人訂立的合同所約束，或者為適用兩方之間的勞動合同的法律有關職工賠償的規(guī)定所約束的損害；
(2) The damage which is regulated either by a contract between the person who suffers such damage and the operator or the person entitled to use the civil aircraft at the time the damage occurred, or by the law relating to workman's compensation applicable to a contract of employment between such persons; and
（三）核損害。
(3) Nuclear damage.
第十三章 對外國民用航空器的特別規(guī)定
Chapter XIII Special Provisions Governing Foreign Civil Aircraft
第一百七十三條 外國人經營的外國民用航空器，在中華人民共和國境內從事民用航空活動，適用本章規(guī)定；本章沒有規(guī)定的，適用本法其他有關規(guī)定。
Article 173 The provisions of this Chapter shall be applicable to foreign civil aircraft operated by foreigners and engaged in civil aviation activities in the territory of the People's Republic of China; where no provisions are available in this Chapter, other provisions concerned in this Law shall apply.
第一百七十四條 外國民用航空器根據其國籍登記國政府與中華人民共和國政府簽訂的協(xié)定、協(xié)議的規(guī)定，或者經中華人民共和國國務院民用航空主管部門批準或者接受，方可飛入、飛出中華人民共和國領空和在中華人民共和國境內飛行、降落。
Article 174 A foreign civil aircraft may enter or leave the airspace of the People's Republic of China, and operate or land in the territory of the People's Republic of China only in accordance with the air transport agreement concluded between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the government of the State in which the aircraft is registered, or in accordance with the approval or clearance of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council of the People's Republic of China.
對不符合前款規(guī)定，擅自飛入、飛出中華人民共和國領空的外國民用航空器，中華人民共和國有關機關有權采取必要措施，令其在指定的機場降落；
If a foreign civil aircraft, not conforming to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, is entering or leaving the airspace of the People's Republic of China without authorization, the authorities concerned of the People's Republic of China have the right to take necessary measures to order the aircraft to land at a designated airport;
對雖然符合前款規(guī)定，但是有合理的根據認為需要對其進行檢查的，有關機關有權令其在指定的機場降落。
if there is reasonable ground to deem that it is necessary to make an inspection of a foreign civil aircraft which operates in conformity with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the authorities concerned have the right to order the aircraft to land at a designated airport.
第一百七十五條 外國民用航空器飛入中華人民共和國領空，其經營人應當提供有關證明書，證明其已經投保地面第三人責任險或者已經取得相應的責任擔保；
Article 175 The operator of a foreign civil aircraft entering the airspace of the People's Republic of China shall furnish relevant certificate(s) to prove that he has been covered by insurance against liability for third parties on the surface, or obtained corresponding guarantee;
其經營人未提供有關證明書的，中華人民共和國國務院民用航空主管部門有權拒絕其飛入中華人民共和國領空。
where the operator fails to furnish the relevant certificate(s), the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council of the People's Republic of China has the right to refuse him to operate into the airspace of the People's Republic of China.
第一百七十六條 外國民用航空器的經營人經其本國政府指定，并取得中華人民共和國國務院民用航空主管部門頒發(fā)的經營許可證，方可經營中華人民共和國政府與該外國政府簽訂的協(xié)定、協(xié)議規(guī)定的國際航班運輸；
Article 176 The operator of a foreign civil aircraft may operate the international scheduled air services specified in the air transport agreement concluded between the Government of the People's Republic of China and his own government only after he has been designated by his own government and obtained the operating licence issued by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council of the People's Republic of China;
外國民用航空器的經營人經其本國政府批準，并獲得中華人民共和國國務院民用航空主管部門批準，方可經營中華人民共和國境內一地和境外一地之間的不定期航空運輸。
the operator of a foreign civil aircraft may operate non-scheduled air transport between a place within the territory of the People's Republic of China and a place without said territory only after he has been approved by his own government and by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council of the People's Republic of China.
前款規(guī)定的外國民用航空器經營人，應當依照中華人民共和國法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定，制定相應的安全保衛(wèi)方案，報中華人民共和國國務院民用航空主管部門備案。
The operator of foreign civil aircraft mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall, in accordance with the provisions of the laws and administrative rules and regulations of the People's Republic of China, formulate corresponding plan of security and submit it to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council of the People's Republic of China for the record.
第一百七十七條 外國民用航空器的經營人，不得經營中華人民共和國境內兩點之間的航空運輸。
Article 177 No operator of foreign civil aircraft shall operate the air transport between two points in the People's Republic of China.
第一百七十八條 外國民用航空器，應當按照中華人民共和國國務院民用航空主管部門批準的班期時刻或者飛行計劃飛行；
Article 178 The flight of a foreign civil aircraft shall be conducted in accordance with the timetable or flight plan approved by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council of the People's Republic of China;
變更班期時刻或者飛行計劃的，其經營人應當獲得中華人民共和國國務院民用航空主管部門的批準；
approval of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council of the People's Republic of China shall be obtained by the operator in respect of any change in timetable or flight plan;
因故變更或者取消飛行的，其經營人應當及時報告中華人民共和國國務院民用航空主管部門。
the operator shall report in time to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council of the People's Republic of China in respect of any change or cancellation of flight.
第一百七十九條 外國民用航空器應當在中華人民共和國國務院民用航空主管部門指定的設關機場起飛或者降落。
Article 179 A foreign civil aircraft shall take off or land at a customs airport designated by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council of the People's Republic of China.
第一百八十條 中華人民共和國國務院民用航空主管部門和其他主管機關，有權在外國民用航空器降落或者飛出時查驗本法第九十條規(guī)定的文件。
Article 180 The competent civil aviation authority under the State Council of the People's Republic of China and other competent authorities shall have the right to inspect the document． specified in Article 90 of this Law of a foreign civil aircraft on its landing or departure.
外國民用航空器及其所載人員、行李、貨物，應當接受中華人民共和國有關主管機關依法實施的入境出境、海關、檢疫等檢查。
Foreign civil aircraft and the persons, baggage and cargo carried therein shall be subject to entry, exit, customs, quarantine and other inspections exercised by the competent authorities concerned of the People's Republic of China according to law.
實施前兩款規(guī)定的查驗、檢查，應當避免不必要的延誤。
In exercising the inspections prescribed in the two preceding paragraphs, undue delay shall be prevented.
第一百八十一條 外國民用航空器國籍登記國發(fā)給或者核準的民用航空器適航證書、機組人員合格證書和執(zhí)照，中華人民共和國政府承認其有效；但是，發(fā)給或者核準此項證書或者執(zhí)照的要求，應當等于或者高于國際民用航空組織制定的最低標準。
Article 181 The civil aircraft certificates of airworthiness and certificates of competency and licences of crew members issued or rendered valid by the State in which the nationality of a foreign civil aircraft is registered, shall be recognized as valid by the Government of the People's Republic of China, provided that the requirements under which such certificates or licences were issued or rendered valid shall be equal to or above the minimum standards established by the International Civil Aviation Organization.
第一百八十二條 外國民用航空器在中華人民共和國搜尋援救區(qū)內遇險，其所有人或者國籍登記國參加搜尋援救工作，應當經中華人民共和國國務院民用航空主管部門批準或者按照兩國政府協(xié)議進行。
Article 182 In the event that a foreign civil aircraft is in emergency within the search and rescue area of the People's Republic of China, the participation of its owner or of the State in which the nationality of the aircraft is registered shall be subject to the approval of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council of the People's Republic of China or in accordance with the agreement between the governments of the two States.
第一百八十三條 外國民用航空器在中華人民共和國境內發(fā)生事故，其國籍登記國和其他有關國家可以指派觀察員參加事故調查。事故調查報告和調查結果，由中華人民共和國國務院民用航空主管部門告知該外國民用航空器的國籍登記國和其他有關國家。
Article 183 In the event of an accident occurred to a foreign civil aircraft in the territory of the People's Republic of China, the State in which the nationality of the aircraft is registered or other States concerned may appoint observers to take part in accident investigation. The report of accident investigation and findings in the matter shall be communicated by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council of the People's Republic of China to the State in which the nationality of such civil aircraft is registered and other States concerned.
第十四章 涉外關系的法律適用
Chapter XIV Application of Law to Foreign-related Matters
第一百八十四條 中華人民共和國締結或者參加的國際條約同本法有不同規(guī)定的，適用國際條約的規(guī)定；但是，中華人民共和國聲明保留的條款除外。
Article 184 Where the provisions of an international treaty concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China are different from those of this Law, the provisions of that international treaty shall apply, except the provisions for which reservation has been declared by the People's Republic of China.
中華人民共和國法律和中華人民共和國締結或者參加的國際條約沒有規(guī)定的，可以適用國際慣例。
In respect of cases which are not provided by the law of the People's Republic of China or by the international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China, international practices may apply.
第一百八十五條 民用航空器所有權的取得、轉讓和消滅，適用民用航空器國籍登記國法律。
Article 185 The law of the State in which the nationality of a civil aircraft is registered shall be applicable to the acquisition, transference and extinction of the ownership of the civil aircraft.
第一百八十六條 民用航空器抵押權適用民用航空器國籍登記國法律。
Article 186 The law of the State in which the nationality of a civil aircraft is registered shall be applicable to the mortgage of the civil aircraft.
第一百八十七條 民用航空器優(yōu)先權適用受理案件的法院所在地法律。
Article 187 The law of the location of the court which takes up the case shall be applicable to civil aviation liens.
第一百八十八條 民用航空運輸合同當事人可以選擇合同適用的法律，但是法律另有規(guī)定的除外；合同當事人沒有選擇的，適用與合同有最密切聯(lián)系的國家的法律。
Article 188 The parties to a contract of civil air transport may choose the law applicable to the contract unless otherwise provided by law. In case the parties to the contract have made no such choice, the law of the State most closely related to the contract shall apply.
第一百八十九條 民用航空器對地面第三人的損害賠償，適用侵權行為地法律。
Article 189 The law of the place where an act of tort occurred shall be applicable to indemnity for damage caused by a civil aircraft to third parties on the surface.
民用航空器在公海上空對水面第三人的損害賠償，適用受理案件的法院所在地法律。
The law of the location of the court which takes up the case shall be applicable to the indemnity for damage caused by civil aircraft over the high seas to third parties on the surface.
第一百九十條 依照本章規(guī)定適用外國法律或者國際慣例，不得違背中華人民共和國的社會公共利益。
Article 190 The application of foreign laws or international practices in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter shall in no way violate the public interest of the People's Republic of China.
第十五章 法律責任
Chapter XV Legal Liability
第一百九十一條 以暴力、脅迫或者其他方法劫持航空器的，依照關于懲治劫持航空器犯罪分子的決定追究刑事責任。
Article 191 Where a person seized an aircraft by violence, threats thereof or other means, his criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the Decision Regarding the Punishment of the Criminals Engaged in Aircraft Hijacking.
第一百九十二條 對飛行中的民用航空器上的人員使用暴力，危及飛行安全，尚未造成嚴重后果的，依照刑法第一百零五條的規(guī)定追究刑事責任；造成嚴重后果的，依照刑法第一百零六條的規(guī)定追究刑事責任。
Article 192 Where a person endangers flight safety by using violence against a person on board a civil aircraft in flight, but without resulting in serious consequences, his criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the provisions of Article 105 of the Criminal Law; if grave consequences result from such act, his criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the provisions of Article 106 of the Criminal Law.
第一百九十三條 違反本法規(guī)定，隱匿攜帶炸藥、雷管或者其他危險品乘坐民用航空器，或者以非危險品品名托運危險品，尚未造成嚴重后果的，比照刑法第一百六十三條的規(guī)定追究刑事責任；造成嚴重后果的，依照刑法第一百一十條的規(guī)定追究刑事責任。
Article 193 A person who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, conceals and brings explosives, detonators or other dangerous articles while flying in a civil aircraft, or consigns dangerous articles for shipment under the name of non-dangerous articles, but without resulting in serious consequences, shall be investigated for his criminal responsibility by applying mutatis mutandis the provisions of Article 163 of the Criminal Law; if grave consequences result from such crime, his criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the provisions of Article 110 of the Criminal Law.
企業(yè)事業(yè)單位犯前款罪的，判處罰金，并對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員依照前款規(guī)定追究刑事責任。
An enterprise or institution which commits the crime prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be subject to a fine, and criminal responsibilities shall be investigated against the person directly in charge and other personnel directly responsible for the crime in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
隱匿攜帶槍支子彈、管制刀具乘坐民用航空器的，比照刑法第一百六十三條的規(guī)定追究刑事責任。
A person who conceals and brings firearms, ammunition and controlled knives while flying in a civil aircraft shall be investigated for his criminal responsibility by applying mutatis mutandis the provisions of Article 163 of the Criminal Law.
第一百九十四條 公共航空運輸企業(yè)違反本法第一百零一條的規(guī)定運輸危險品的，由國務院民用航空主管部門沒收違法所得，可以并處違法所得一倍以下的罰款。
Article 194 Where a public air transport enterprise carries dangerous articles in violation of the provisions of Article 101 of this Law, the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall confiscate its unlawful earnings and may also impose a fine of not more than 100% of the unlawful earnings.
公共航空運輸企業(yè)有前款行為，導致發(fā)生重大事故的，沒收違法所得，判處罰金；并對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員依照刑法第一百一十五條的規(guī)定追究刑事責任。
Where a public air transport enterprise commits an act described in the preceding paragraph and thereby creates a serious accident, its unlawful earnings shall be confiscated and a fine shall be imposed; and criminal responsibilities shall be investigated against the person directly in charge and other personnel directly responsible for the crime in accordance with the provisions of Article 115 of the Criminal Law.
第一百九十五條 故意在使用中的民用航空器上放置危險品或者唆使他人放置危險品，足以毀壞該民用航空器，危及飛行安全，尚未造成嚴重后果的，依照刑法第一百零七條的規(guī)定追究刑事責任；造成嚴重后果的，依照刑法第一百一十條的規(guī)定追究刑事責任。
Article 195 A person who deliberately places or instigates another person to place dangerous articles on board a civil aircraft in use, sufficient to destroy the civil aircraft and endanger flight safety but without resulting in serious consequences, shall be investigated for his criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 107 of the Criminal Law; if grave consequences result from such crime, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 110 of the Criminal Law.
第一百九十六條 故意傳遞虛假情報，擾亂正常飛行秩序，使公私財產遭受重大損失的，依照刑法第一百五十八條的規(guī)定追究刑事責任。
Article 196 A person who deliberately transmits false information and disturbs the normal order of flight, resulting in serious losses to public or private property, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 158 of the Criminal Law.
第一百九十七條 盜竊或者故意損毀、移動使用中的航行設施，危及飛行安全，足以使民用航空器發(fā)生墜落、毀壞危險，尚未造成嚴重后果的，依照刑法第一百零八條的規(guī)定追究刑事責任；造成嚴重后果的，依照刑法第一百一十條的規(guī)定追究刑事責任。
Article 197 A person who steals or deliberately damages or removes navigational facilities in use and thereby creates danger to flight safety, sufficient to cause the fall or destruction of the civil aircraft but without resulting in serious consequences, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 108 of the Criminal Law; if grave consequences result from such crime, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 110 of the Criminal Law.
第一百九十八條 聚眾擾亂民用機場秩序的，依照刑法第一百五十九條的規(guī)定追究刑事責任。
Article 198 A person who assembles a crowd to disturb the order in a civil airport shall be investigated for his criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 159 of the Criminal Law.
第一百九十九條 航空人員玩忽職守，或者違反規(guī)章制度，導致發(fā)生重大飛行事故，造成嚴重后果的，分別依照、比照刑法第一百八十七條或者第一百一十四條的規(guī)定追究刑事責任。
Article 199 Where an airman neglects his duty or violates the rules and regulations, thereby creating a serious flight accident resulting in grave consequences, his criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the provisions of Article 187 or by applying mutatis mutandis the provisions of Article 114 of the Criminal Law respectively.
第二百條 違反本法規(guī)定，尚不夠刑事處罰，應當給予治安管理處罰的，依照治安管理處罰條例的規(guī)定處罰。
Article 200 A person who violates the provisions of this Law, not seriously enough for criminal punishment but should be subject to penalty for public security, shall be punished in accordance with the Regulations on Administrative Penalties for Public Security.
第二百零一條 違反本法第三十七條的規(guī)定，民用航空器無適航證書而飛行，或者租用的外國民用航空器未經國務院民用航空主管部門對其原國籍登記國發(fā)給的適航證書審查認可或者另發(fā)適航證書而飛行的，由國務院民用航空主管部門責令停止飛行，沒收違法所得，可以并處違法所得一倍以上五倍以下的罰款；
Article 201 Where in violation of the provisions of Article 37 of this Law, a civil aircraft flies without the certificate of airworthiness, or a foreign civil aircraft on lease flies without having its certificate of airworthiness, issued by the State in which the nationality of the aircraft was originally registered, examined and rendered valid by the State Council, or without having a new certificate of airworthiness issued therefor by the said authority, the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall order it to stop flying, confiscate the unlawful earnings, and may also impose a fine of more than 100% but not exceeding 500% of the unlawful earnings;
沒有違法所得的，處以十萬元以上一百萬元以下的罰款。
in case there is no unlawful earnings, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 1,000,000 yuan shall be imposed.
適航證書失效或者超過適航證書規(guī)定范圍飛行的，依照前款規(guī)定處罰。
Where a certificate of airworthiness has lost its effect or a flight was conducted beyond the scope prescribed in the certificate of airworthiness, the punishment prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall apply.
第二百零二條 違反本法第三十四條、第三十六條第二款的規(guī)定，將未取得型號合格證書、型號認可證書的民用航空器及其發(fā)動機、螺旋槳或者民用航空器上的設備投入生產的，由國務院民用航空主管部門責令停止生產，沒收違法所得，可以并處違法所得一倍以下的罰款；
Article 202 Where a person, in violation of the provisions of Article 34 and paragraph 2 of Article 36 of this Law, carries out the production of civil aircraft and its engines, propellers or on-board equipment without obtaining type certificate and type validation certificate, the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall order him to stop such production, confiscate his unlawful earnings and may also impose on him a fine of not more than 100% of his unlawful earnings;
沒有違法所得的，處以五萬元以上五十萬元以下的罰款。
in case there is no unlawful earnings, a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan shall be imposed.
第二百零三條 違反本法第三十五條的規(guī)定，未取得生產許可證書、維修許可證書而從事生產、維修活動的，違反本法第九十二條、第一百四十七條第二款的規(guī)定，未取得公共航空運輸經營許可證或者通用航空經營許可證而從事公共航空運輸或者從事經營性通用航空的，國務院民用航空主管部門可以責令停止生產、維修或者經營活動。
Article 203 Where a person, in violation of the provisions of Article 35 of this Law, is engaged in the activities of production and maintenance without obtaining production certificate and maintenance certificate or, in violation of the provisions of Article 92 and paragraph 2 of Article 147 of this Law, is engaged in public air transport or general aviation operations for commercial purposes without obtaining a public air transport operating licence or a general aviation operating licence, the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall order him to stop such production, maintenance or operations.
第二百零四條 已取得本法第三十五條規(guī)定的生產許可證書、維修許可證書的企業(yè)，因生產、維修的質量問題造成嚴重事故的，國務院民用航空主管部門可以吊銷其生產許可證書或者維修許可證書。
Article 204 Where an enterprise having obtained the production certificate and maintenance certificate prescribed in Article 35 of this Law creates a serious accident because of the problem in the quality of production and maintenance, the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council may cancel its production certificate or maintenance certificate.
第二百零五條 違反本法第四十條的規(guī)定，未取得航空人員執(zhí)照、體格檢查合格證書而從事相應的民用航空活動的，由國務院民用航空主管部門責令停止民用航空活動，在國務院民用航空主管部門規(guī)定的限期內不得申領有關執(zhí)照和證書，對其所在單位處以二十萬元以下的罰款。
Article 205 Where a person, in violation of the provisions of Article 40 of this Law, is engaged in civil aviation activities without obtaining the corresponding airman's licence and physical examination certificate, the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall order him to stop such activities, no such licence and certificate shall be issued within the time limit prescribed by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council, and a fine of not more than 200,000 yuan shall be imposed on the unit that the person belongs to.
第二百零六條 有下列違法情形之一的，由國務院民用航空主管部門對民用航空器的機長給予警告或者吊扣執(zhí)照一個月至六個月的處罰，情節(jié)較重的，可以給予吊銷執(zhí)照的處罰：
Article 206 In one of the following circumstances in which the law is violated, the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall punish the pilot-in-command by warning or by withholding his licence for a period of one to six months, or under aggravating circumstances, punish him by cancelling his licence:
（一）機長違反本法第四十五條第一款的規(guī)定，未對民用航空器實施檢查而起飛的；
(1) The pilot-in-command, in violation of the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 45 of this Law, takes off without carrying out an inspection of the civil aircraft; or
（二）民用航空器違反本法第七十五條的規(guī)定，未按照空中交通管制單位指定的航路和飛行高度飛行，或者違反本法第七十九條的規(guī)定飛越城市上空的。
(2) A civil aircraft, in violation of the provisions of Article 75 of this Law, fails to follow the air route and to fly at the altitude specified by the air traffic unit, or in violation of the provisions of Article 79 of this Law, flies across the airspace over a city.
第二百零七條 違反本法第七十四條的規(guī)定，民用航空器未經空中交通管制單位許可進行飛行活動的，由國務院民用航空主管部門責令停止飛行，對該民用航空器所有人或者承租人處以一萬元以上十萬元以下的罰款；對該民用航空器的機長給予警告或者吊扣執(zhí)照一個月至六個月的處罰，情節(jié)較重的，可以給予吊銷執(zhí)照的處罰。
Article 207 Where a civil aircraft, in violation of the provisions of Article 74 of this Law, conducts flight activities without the approval of the air traffic control unit, the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall order it to stop flying, and impose a fine on the owner or lessee of the civil aircraft of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan; and punish the pilot-in-command of the civil aircraft by warning or by withholding his licence for a period of one to six months, or under aggravating circumstances, punish him by cancelling his licence.
第二百零八條 民用航空器的機長或者機組其他人員有下列行為之一的，由國務院民用航空主管部門給予警告或者吊扣執(zhí)照一個月至六個月的處罰；
Article 208 Where the pilot-in-command of a civil aircraft or another member of the crew commits one of the following acts, the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall punish him by warning or by withholding his licence for a period of one to six months;
有第（二）項或者第（三）項所列行為的，可以給予吊銷執(zhí)照的處罰：
if the act listed in sub-paragraph(2) or(3) is committed, he shall be punished by having his licence cancelled:
（一）在執(zhí)行飛行任務時，不按照本法第四十一條的規(guī)定攜帶執(zhí)照和體格檢查合格證書的；
(1) Failure to carry on his person licence and physical examination certificate in performing a flight mission as required by the provisions of Article 41 of this Law;
（二）民用航空器遇險時，違反本法第四十八條的規(guī)定離開民用航空器的；
or(2) Leaving the civil aircraft in distress in violation of the provisions of Article 48 of this Law;
（三）違反本法第七十七條第二款的規(guī)定執(zhí)行飛行任務的。
(3) Performing a flight mission in violation of the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 77 of this Law.
第二百零九條 違反本法第八十條的規(guī)定，民用航空器在飛行中投擲物品的，由國務院民用航空主管部門給予警告，可以對直接責任人員處以二千元以上二萬元以下的罰款。
Article 209 Where some articles are dropped or sprayed from a civil aircraft in flight in violation of the provisions of Article 80 of this Law, the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall give a warning, and may impose a fine of not less than 2,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan on the person directly responsible.
第二百一十條 違反本法第六十二條的規(guī)定，未取得機場使用許可證開放使用民用機場的，由國務院民用航空主管部門責令停止開放使用；沒收違法所得，可以并處違法所得一倍以下的罰款。
Article 210 Where a civil airport is opened to traffic without obtaining an airport operating licence in violation of the provisions of Article 62 of this Law, the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall order it to stop its opening to traffic, confiscate its unlawful earnings, and may impose a fine of not exceeding 100% of the unlawful earnings.
第二百一十一條 公共航空運輸企業(yè)、通用航空企業(yè)違反本法規(guī)定，情節(jié)較重的，除依照本法規(guī)定處罰外，國務院民用航空主管部門可以吊銷其經營許可證。對被吊銷經營許可證的，工商行政管理部門應吊銷其營業(yè)執(zhí)照。
Article 211 Where a public air transport enterprise or a general aviation enterprise violates the provisions of this Law, in circumstances of a serious nature, the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council may, in addition to the punishment prescribed by this Law, cancel its operating licence. If the operating licence of such enterprise is cancelled, the administrative department for industry and commerce shall cancel its business licence.
第二百一十二條 國務院民用航空主管部門和地區(qū)民用航空管理機構的工作人員，玩忽職守、濫用職權、徇私舞弊，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任；尚不構成犯罪的，依法給予行政處分。
Article 212 The working personnel of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council and of regional civil aviation administrative organs, who neglect their duties, abuse their powers, practise favouritism and embezzlement, if the case constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibilities according to law; if the case does not constitute a crime, they shall be subject to administrative sanctions according to law.
第十六章 附則
Chapter XVI Supplementary Provisions
第二百一十三條 本法所稱計算單位，是指國際貨幣基金組織規(guī)定的特別提款權；其人民幣數額為法院判決之日、仲裁機構裁決之日或者當事人協(xié)議之日，按照國家外匯主管機關規(guī)定的國際貨幣基金組織的特別提款權對人民幣的換算辦法計算得出的人民幣數額。
Article 213 Unit of account mentioned in this Law refers to the Special Drawing Right as defined by the International Monetary Fund; its equivalent in Renminbi shall be the amount calculated in terms of the conversion rate from the Special Drawing Right of the International Monetary Fund to Renminbi as prescribed by the competent State foreign exchange authority at the date of the judgement of the court, the date of the award of arbitration agency or the date agreed between the parties concerned.
第二百一十四條 本法自1996年3月1日起施行。
Article 214 This Law shall go into effect as of March 1, 1996. |
|
| |
|
|
|
